1. GYROCARPUS JACQUINI. 
Garin. sem. 2. p. 92. tab. 97. 
Gyrocarpus americanus. Jacqu. amer. 282. t.178.f. 80. 
Afrag. Voyage de Le Brun en Perse, vol. 2. p.257. cum fig. 
Tanucoo of the Telingas. 
Cattamaran Wood Tree. 
GENERIC CHARACTER. 
Hermapnropite. Calyx above, four-leaved, unequal. Corol none. 
Nectary four clubbed glands. Pistil one. Style 
none. Capsule one-celled, one-seeded, ending in two long 
Stamens four. 
membranaceous wings. 
Mate. Calyx five-leaved, equal. Nectary and Stamens as in the 
Hermaphrodite, without pistil. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Trunk in general erect: Bark smooth, greenish ash colour. 
Branches thin, irregularly spreading in every direction. 
Leaves approximated about the extremities of the branchlets, pe- 
tioled, broad hearted, three-nerved, frequently slightly lobed, 
above smooth, below downy ; there are two pits on the upper 
side of the base ; length and breadth various, but in general 
five or six inches each way. 
Petvole round, downy, three inches long. 
Panicles terminal, umbell-like: divisions two-forked. 
Flowers very small, yellow. 
Hermaphrodite Flowers solitary, sessile, in the divisions of the 
panicle. 
Calyx above, four-leaved: leaflets unequal ; exterior pair small, oval, 
falling ; interior pair large, wedge-shaped, three-toothed, per- 
manent, and increasing in size with the pericarp into two 
long membranaceous wings. 
Corol none. 
Nectary four clubbed, yellow, glands. 
Filaments four, longer than the calyx, inserted alternately with the 
nectarial glands into a perforated receptacle. 
Anthers quadrangular, opening on each side with an oval lid. 
Germ below, egged. 
Style none. 
Stigma small, immersed in the Savi aos of the ggg of the 
filaments and nectarial glands. 
Capsule globular, wrinkled, one-celled, one-valved, does not open, 
size of a cherry, ends in two long, obtuse, lanced, membrana- 
ceous wings. 
Seed one. 
OBSERVATIONS. 
This grows to be a very large tree, is chiefly a native of the moun- 
tainous parts of the coast, casts its leaves about the end of the wet 
season ; flowers during the cold season when the tree is naked; the 
leaves come out soon after. 
The wood of this tree is white and very light, is employed to 
make cattamarans (rafts), when to be had, in preference to any other. 
2. SIRIUM MYRTIFOLIUM. 
Linn. Mant. 200. 
Sandal. Wood Tree: 
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, spreading, lanced, entire, waved, 
smooth, shining, about two inches long, and three-quarters of 
an inch broad. 
Stipules none. 
Raceme thyrse-like, terminal, cena Bioathaly small, erect. 
Flowers small, red. 
Calyx above, belled, four-cleft: 
loured. 
Corol none, except the nectary be such. 
Nectary four-leaved, inverse-hearted, notched, inserted into the 
divisions egged, expanding, co- 
mouth of the calyx. 
Filaments four, short, hairy, inserted into the calyx alternately with 
the leaflets of the nectary. 
Stigma four-lobed. 
Berry globular, size of a large pea, smooth, juicy, black when ripe, 
one-seeded. 
This valuable tree is a native of many parts of India: here, in 
the Circar mountains, where it is wild, it is but of a small size, 
and the wood of littké value. On the Malabar coast it is much 
larger, and the wood reckoned of the best sort. 
The wood of this tree is the white and yellow Sanders, Santa- 
lum album et flavum of the Materia Medica ; both the sorts are the 
produce of the same tree, and not, as Garcias says, of different trees. 
Most trees in India, when large and old,- become coloured towards 
the centre, that part is always much more hard and durable than the 
exterior uncoloured part. It is the same with the Sandal tree: the 
centre, when the tree becomes large, acquires a yellow colour, great 
- fragrance, and hardness; while the exterior part of the same tree, 
that covers the coloured part, is less firm, white, and without fra- 
grance. It is only the yellow sort that is of use; and the larger 
the tree the more valuable is the wood, it having then acquired a 
greater degree of fragrance, for which alone it is held in such uni- 
versal estimation. 
Birds eat greedily the berries, by which means it is propagated 
extensively. 
3.. OLDENLANDIA UMBELLATA. 
Linn. Spec. Plant. 174. 
Tsheri-vello of the Telingas. 
Saya-ver, or Imburel of the Tamuls. 
Chay Root, or East India Madder of the English. 
Root very long, from one to two feet, slender, with few lateral 
fibres, when fresh the bark is orange coloured ; in the culti- 
vated sort it is longest, and with fewer fibres. 
