55 ARECA CATHECU. 
part of the year. It is the most beautiful Palm we have on the 
coast; the trunk grows remarkably straight, often to forty or fifty 
feet high; but in general is only about twenty inches in circum- 
ference, and almost equally thick, and smooth. 
On the Malabar coast, the common black pepper-vines are usu- 
ally trained up to this tree, which renders it more particularly 
useful in those parts. 
76. VENTILAGO MADERASPATANA. 
Gaertn. sem.1. p. 223. tab. 49. 
Yerra-Chirtaly of the Telingas. 
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, two-faced, ege'd, most slightly 
saw'd, smooth; three or four inches long. 
Panicle terminal. 
Flowers very numerous, small, dirty-greenish colour; smell very 
strong and offensive, not unlike that of Sterculia foetida. 
Calyx, Corol, Nectary, Stamens, and Pistil, as in Rhamnus Jujuba. 
Capsule globular, size of a pea, surrounded near the middle with 
the remaining nectary, and terminating in a long linear mem- 
branous wing, one-cell’d, not opening of itself. 
Seed solitary, round. — 
A large, climbing, woody shrub; a native of forests and other 
uncultivated places among the mountains; flowers during the cold 
season. It is generally dicecious. 
77. CARISSA CARANDAS. 
Linn. mant. 52. 
Avigna in Sanscrit. 
Caronda or Caraunda of the Bengalese. 
Waaka of the Telingas. 
Kalaaka of the Tamuls, and European nations on the Coromandel 
coast. 
Trunk, when it has any, irregularly bent in various directions. 
Bark grey. 
Branches and Branchlets very numerous, always two-fork’d, and 
standing nearly at right angles, rigid, round, smooth. 
Thorns constantly in pairs, at the divisions of the branches and 
branchlets only; opposite, horizontal, very strong, round, 
smooth, exceeding sharp; frequently two-fork’d. 
Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, oval, obtuse, smooth, hard, shining ; 
their insertions remarkably regular, always one pair below 
the fork, crossed with the thorns, and another pair between 
the forks, where there are no spines. 
Peduncles terminal, generally in pairs, each less than an inch long, 
bearing generally three beautiful milk-white, jasmine-like 
flowers. 
Bracte, a small one at the insertion of each pedicel. 
Calyx, Gorol, Stamens, and Pistil, as in the genus. 
Berry single (never two, not even the rudiment of more than one) ; 
size of a small plum, but of a more lengthened form ; when 
ripe, shining black. 
Seeds generally eight, oblong, compressed. 
CARISSA CARANDAS. - ; 56 
This is a very common, large shrub, or irregularly formed, small, 
ramous tree, growing in most wild, woody, dry, uncultivated parts ; 
flowers in February, March, and April. Fruit ripe in July and 
August. 
The shrub makes exceeding strong fences; the number of its 
strong sharp thorns rendering them impassable. 
The fruit, just before it is ripe, is employed to make conserves 
of various kinds; and also to pickle: for which uses it is superior to 
every other fruit in the country, not even the Mango excepted. 
When ripe, it is universally eaten by the natives, and is tolerably 
pleasant to the taste, even of an European. 
78. ULMUS INTEGRIFOLIA. 
Naulie of the Telingas. 
Trunk straight and high. Bark a little scabrous, dirty-grey colour. 
Branches numerous, spreading so as to form a large shady head. 
Leaves alternate, two-faced, short-petioled, egg’d, though sometimes 
hearted, entire, smooth, shining; from three to five inches 
long, and about two broad. 
Stipules lanced, falling. 
Flowers hermaphrodite and male mixed, from little gems over the 
naked branchlets. 
HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS. 
Calyx, or Corol, four, five, or six-leaved: leaflets spreading, small, 
oval, falling. 
Filaments seven, eight, or nine, exceedingly short. 
Anthers linear, erect, two-lobed. 
Germ above, inverse egg’d, end-nick’d, compress’d. 
Styles two, short, incurved, permanent. 
Stigmas acute, woolly. 
Capsule pedicel’d, orbicular, leafy, compress’d, end-nick’d, one- 
cell’d, one-valved, not opening. 
Seed one. : 
MALE FLOWERS. 
Calyx and Stamens as above. 
Pistil: no rudiment of one. 
The first parts of the flower that appear are the anthers, they are 
then reddish; next the calyx increases, and becomes visible to the 
naked eye, but is at all times small, and if not looked for, may pass 
unperceived. 
It is a very large timber tree, a native of the Circar mountains ; 
flowers during the cold season ; casts its leaves about the close of the 
wet season, but they come out again in March. 
The wood is by the natives reckoned of a good quality, and em- 
ployed for a variety of uses. 
79. BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA. 
Retz. obs. 5. p. 24. 
Arundo Bambos. Linn. spec. plant. 120. 
Mulleap Vedroo of the Telingas. 
Mungil or Munkil of the Tamuls. 
Stems (I fear to call them culms,) numerous, from ten to one hun- 
dred, from the same root, for some ten or twenty feet straight, 
