5 BOSWELLIA GLABRA. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Trunk erect, straight, and of a great height. Bark firm, pretty 
thick, and covered with a greenish ash-coloured tender pel- 
licle. Branches few in proportion to the size of the tree. 
Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets, alternate, unequally - 
pinnate, from: six to twelve inches long. Leaflets sessile, from 
six to ten pair, opposite, broad-lanceolate, obtuse, rounded 
a little at the base, equal, slightly serrate, smooth, about an 
inch and a half long, and about half an inch broad. 
Petioles round and smooth. 
Stipules none. 
Racemes terminal, many together, forming a panicle, downy, gene- 
rally from three to six inches long. 
Bractes minute. 
Flowers numerous, short-pedicelled, small, white. 
Calyx beneath, small, five-toothed, permanent. 
Petals five, oblong, toward the base tapering, above spreading. 
Nectary: a crenulate, fleshy, red ring surrounds most part of the 
germ. 
Filaments ten, subulate, scarce half the length of the petals, spread- 
ing, alternately shorter ; inserted on the outside of the base 
of the nectary. Anthers oblong, pointed, large. 
Germ oblong. Style three-sided, as long as the filaments. Stigma 
headed, green. 
Capsule about the size of small plum, three-sided, three-valved, 
three-celled, opening from the base. 
Seeds one in each cell, cordate, surrounded with a broad membra- 
naceous wing. 
OBSERVATIONS. 
A native of the highest mountains on the Coast of Coromandel, 
where it grows to be one of the largest trees; its leaves are deci- 
duous about the end of the rains, in October. F lowering time the 
cool season, soon after the young leaves make their appearance. 
The wood of this tree, being hard, heavy, and durable, together 
with its size, render it of great use for various purposes. The 
lower masts of coast-built vessels are generally made of it, though 
its weight renders it less fit than fir or teak, and still less so for 
top-masts. 
From wounds made in the bark, a large quantity of resin exudes, 
which soon becomes hard and brittle, and is often used as a sub- 
stitute for pitch on the Coast of Coromandel. To soften and render 
it fit for use, a certain portion of some low-priced vegetable oil, 
such as castor, or mustard oil, is boiled up with it. The finer 
pieces of this resin are frequently burnt, instead of common in- 
cense (benzoin), in the temples of the natives. 
On the Balla-gaut mountains a second species grows, which I 
consider to be Canarium odoriferum hirsutum, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 
51. The leaflets are downy, and more deeply serrate ; and the 
stamina are inserted on the exterior margin of the nectary. 
208. GARUGA PINNATA. 
Katou-kalesjam. Rheed. mal. 4. p. 69. ¢. 33. 
Garuga, or Garoogoo of the Telingas. 
Joom of the Bengalese. 
GENERIC CHARACTER. 
Calyx campanulate, five-toothed, inferior. Petals five, inserted on 
the calyx, alternate with five, and just above the other five 
VOL. II. 
GARUGA PINNATA. 6 
stamina. Stigma five-lobed. Drupe with two, or more, one- 
seeded nuts. . 
DESCRIPTION. 
Trunk straight, and of great height, before the branches come out. 
Bark pretty smooth, and ash-coloured. Branches few for the 
size of the tree, forming a scanty head. 
Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets, unequally-pinnate, 
from six to twelve inches long. Leaflets nearly sessile, from 
six to ten pair, opposite, obliquely lanceolate, crenate, or ser- 
rate, a little downy, the exterior pair largest ; general length 
about two inches and a half, and about one broad. 
Stipules ear-shaped, spreading, pointed. 
Panicle, a small, single, nearly erect one, from the axills ofthe 
leaves that first appear. 
Bractes minute, caducous. 
Flowers yellow, inodorous. 
Calyx beneath, one-leaved, campanulate, five-toothed. 
Petals five, lanceolate, above the middle spreading, inserted on 
the calyx. 
Nectary: five small, smooth, yellow glands, embossed on the in- 
side of the calyx, between the insertions of the pairs of 
filaments. 
Filaments ten, subulate, rather shorter than the corol, inserted into 
the calyx; the upper five alternate with the petals ; the lower 
five just below them. Anthers oblong. 
Germoval. Style rather longer than the stamina. Stigma five-lobed, 
five-grooved. 
Drupe round, fleshy, size of a nutmeg, smooth. 
Nuts two, or more (five seem the natural number), irregular in 
shape, with irregular elevations and depressions on the out- 
side, very hard, one-celled, one-seeded. 
OBSERVATIONS. 
A large tree, a native of various mountainous districts over 
India. The leaves drop about the close of the rains, and appear 
again with the flowers in February and March. 
The wood of this tree being soft and spongy, is of very little 
use. 
The fruit is eaten raw, but chiefly used for pickling ; it has a 
rough, austere taste, which renders it unpalatable as it is taken 
from the tree, though very fit for pickling. 
209. HARDWICKIA BINATA.* 
Acha, or Atti marum of the Tamuls. 
GENERIC CHARACTER. 
Galyx none. Corol 4-5-petalled. Legume one-seeded. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Branches numerous, spreading, with bifarious, alternate, slender, 
smooth, waving, drooping branchlets. 
Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled, binate, with a minute bristle 
between. Leaflets sessile, shape between semicordate and 
reniform, entire, very smooth on both sides, while young 
* So named after Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Hardwicke, author of the Journey to 
Sirinagur, in the sixth volume of the Asiatic Researches, and of numerous unpublished 
descriptions in natural history. 
