Oil another day I repeated the same experiment^ and by using a flower fm-nished from 

 another quarter of the garden^ I sprinkled the pistillum of this with iX:^ farina. 

 Hence this germen proved JruitfuL 



SEVENTH AND EIGHTH EXPERIMENTS. 



From a Chelidonium corniculatum {Scarlet-homed Poppy) growing in a remote quarter 

 of the garden^ I removed all the anthers in a flower which first appeared, and then carefully 

 plucked away all the rest of the flowers. 



On another day I made a similar experiment, but over the pistillum of this last I sprinkled 

 the farina taken from another flower of the same species. 



The result was, that ihejii^st flower produced no seed. 



From the second experiment I obtained perfect fruit, 



CONCLUSION FROM THESE EXPERIMENTS. 



These Experiments decisively prove that the Anthers are the male organs in plants, and 

 perfectly disprove the opinion of some who have taught, that the Stamina are those parts of the 

 fructification, which only separate excrementitious matter.* 



PROOFS TAKEN FROM OBSERVATIONS. 



FIRST OBSERVATION. 



What might have convinced them on the contrary, is the universal appearance of the Stamina 

 and Pistilla in all flowers, for none want these organs, although many flowers are devoid of Calyx, 

 and many even have neither Calyx or Corolla, as the Hippuris.\ 



SECOND OBSERVATION. 



All farmers know, that when rain falls upon the rye in flowers, \ it washes off" the Farina on 

 the Anthers, and hence occasions many glumes in the spike to be empty of seeds. 



THIRD OBSERVATION. 



Even gardeners remark the same every year in \\\€\x fruit-hearing trees. The floM^ers, by long- 

 exposure to rain, from this cause disappoint the expectation of fruit. § 



FOURTH OBSERVATION. 



Aquatic plants at the time of flowering rise above the water, for no other purpose than that 

 the Farina may reach the Stigma unimpaired, for after impregnation they dip under water. || 



* This is levelled against the illustrious Tournefort, who held this doctrine, as did Alston. 



f This is also an argument in favour of the Sexes of Plants used by Ray. " The flovv^ers of plants may want their ornamental parts, 

 as the calyx and Petals, but none are found to want the apices' (stamina), Sylloge Stirp extra Britan. 



:J: The anthers of rye hang out beyond the flower, and if rain falls while it is in flower, the dust is clotted, and hence the husbandmen 

 do truly predict a bad crop ; but the same holds not with barley, where the anthers lie close within the husk. 



§ This especially applies to the cherry, whose anthers become mature all at once ; but in the apple and pear the numerous anthers ripen 

 at different periods. Hence gardeners are disappointed of fruitful seeds, who at this time make much use of the watering pot, unless they 

 , apply the water in a pan beneath, as many are in the habit of doing. 



11 Vide our account of the Nyjnphcea Nelumbo. 



The 



