THE FLORA OF VAVAU. 21 
(Botany, vol. xxx. 1894, pp. 158-217) his paper entitled “The Flora 
of the Tonga or Friendly Islands.” By the nature of the available 
material it is in chief part the flora of the southern islands— 
Tongatabu and Eua. 
Mr. Crosby’s collection from Vavau—the foundation of the 
present paper—was not received at Kew until half a year after 
Hemsley’s “ Flora of the Tonga Islands” had been published. 
Hemsley had enumerated for the whole group 303 phanerogams 
and 33 vascular cryptogams; Crosby collected, in Vavau, 262 
phanerogams and 27 vascular cryptogams; and out of his total, 
83 are species additional to Hemsley’s list. 
Many of Crosby’s plants were received with correct names 
which he had given to them on the spot; the vascular cryptogams 
aud orchids were subsequently examined by Mr. J. G. Baker 
aud Mr. R. A. Rolfe; to these, and to Messrs. W. B. Hemsley, 
C. B. Clarke, and C. H. Wright, I offer thanks for their kind 
assistance, and, further, to Mr. Crosby for the account of the 
vegetation of Vavau which follows. 
Vegetation of Vavau, by OC. S. Crossy. 
Vavau is twelve miles long and has a maximum breadth of six 
miles. The two hills, Mo’ugalafa and Talau, which rise towards 
the rock-bound northern coast (the Liku), reach an elevation of 
600 ft. above sea-level. The southern coast is much indented, 
and possesses the lovely harbour of Vavau, where, to one sailing 
perhaps not a stone’s throw from the beach, nothing but the 
green of the trees and their interlacing creepers can be seen, 80 
well is the face of the land buried from sight by the canopy which 
the giant climbers weave with the tree-tops. . . 
The grassy uplands towards the Liku contrast with this dense 
forest. They are marked by the weird Casuarinas and zigzag 
branching Pandanus, and, of smaller plants, by Waltheria ameri- 
cana, Euphorbia Chamissonis, Wikstreemia rotundifolia, and 
Dianella ensifolia. In the forest-land we have (i) the sea-shore 
vegetation, (ii) the bush, and (iii) the land now or formerly in 
cultivation. On the shore we find Paritium tiliaceum, Thespesia 
populnea, Vitex trifolia, Mesa nemoralis, Cordia subcordata, 
Calophyllum Inophyllum, Pemphis acidula, Gymnosporia ens 
species of Eugenia, the mangroves, &. Suriana maritima do ‘ 
not occur in Vavau itself. I found it just above sandy beac 
