214 MR. W. B. HEMSLEY ON THE 
range as the whole genus, including Tibet, Arctic Europe, aud 
North America. Altogether fifteen species have been found in 
‘Tibet, being a third more than any other genus is represented by. 
They are all herbaceous perennials, ranging from an inch to six 
or eight inches in height. Six of them are of the rosette type, 
of which S. Lhoroldi, Hemsl., and S. Aster, Hemsl. (Journ. Linn. 
Soc., Bot. xxx. p. 115, tt. 4 and 5) are characteristic examples. 
S. subulata, C. B. Clarke,isadensely-tufted species, having crowded 
ucerose leaves; S. tangutica, Maxim., is of erect habit, having 
solitary stems, relatively broad distant leaves, those immediately 
beneath the flower-heads being highly coloured; and S. tridactyla, 
Schulz-Bip., is of a similar habit,” but the leaves are deeply 
divided, and densely clothed with a white woolly tomentum. The 
last-named species was collected by Dr. Thorold at an elevation of 
19,000 ft., and its altitudiual range in the Himalayas is given as 
16,000 to 18,000 {t. Indeed the genus Saussurea apparently 
reaches the uppermost limit of flowering plants in Tibet, and 
twenty-one species have been collected at 15,000 ft. and upwards 
in the Himalayas. Seven of the Tibetan species were collected at 
altitudes of 17,000 ft. and upwards ; six at altitudes of 16,000 ft. 
and upwards; whilst of the remaining two the altitudes are not 
given by the collectors. Further particulars on this point will 
be found under the heading of “ Altitudes.” 
Saussurea imay also be cited as an illustration of the general 
dispersion of characteristic species within our area. S. Thoroldi, 
for instance, is represented in all the recent collections, though 
it was previously unknown; and Kew also possesses specimens 
of it from the mountains of Western China. But further 
information on this point will be found in our “ Enumeration” 
and “ Tabular View of the Distribution of the Plants of Tibet.” 
ARTEMISIA and TANACETUM. 
These two genera of the Composite are so closely allied that 
they may be considered as one in our endeavours to picture the 
vegetation of Tibet. Both genera are widely spread in the 
northern hemisphere, including North America; and Artemisia 
reappears in the Sandwich Islands and in extratropical South 
America. Both find their greatest concentration of species im 
Central Asia and are especially abundant in the drier regions. 
Artemisia numbers upwards of 150 species, and is perhaps nearly 
as fully developed in North America, where, in the dry regions 
