SYNANTHY IN THE GENUS LONICERA. 467 
Type of L. alpigena, L. 
Species in which the synanthy is complete are somewhat more 
numerous than those in which the union is only partial, but all 
gradations may be found between the type of LZ. Xylostewm and 
that of LZ. alpigena. In both cases, as a rule, the degree of 
synanthy is constant in the species, but here again exceptions 
occur. Thus ZL. alpigena, which in Europe has a single berry- 
like fruit, resulting from the complete union of the two ovaries, 
occurs also in India, where the two berries are always free *. 
These variations may possibly have some bearing on the question 
of the adaptation presented by such a false berry as that of 
L. alpigena, 
In L. alpigena, at least in European examples, the coalescence 
is complete in the median plane throughout the entire, or nearly 
the entire, length of the ovaries. As Vidal t has already pointed 
out, this union is effected by the parenchymatous tissues of the 
receptacular walls or pericarps, which are in organic continuity. 
Fig. 1. 
L. alpigena, L.—The pseudocarp resulting from the complete union of the two 
berries. The scars of the two calyx-rings are seen towards the apex of the 
fruit, x3. 
The synanthy is even more marked in the fruit than in the 
flowers, for as the pseudocarp ripens it becomes globose, and the 
distinction between the two ovaries, from which it originates, 
is lost (fig. 1). This particular kind of pseudocarp may be 
termed a false berry. 
* Hooker (1882), vol. ii. p. 16. _t Vidal (1897), p. 14. 
LINN, JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XXXV. 2N 
