SYNANTHY IN THE GENUS LONICERA. 469 
the young fruits is apt to be misleading. In LZ. iberica, Bieb. 
(cf. fig. 2), the two corollas appear superficially to spring from 
a single inferior ovary, whereas the two ovaries are really free 
from one another, though closely enwrapped by the bracteolar 
sheath. This sheath has, in fact, been mistaken for completely 
fused ovaries. C. Koch* was apparently the first to discover that, 
in L. iberica and L. chlamydophora, C. Koch, the two ovaries are 
free. Again, Boissierf states that, in the case of L. carulea, 
there are no bracteoles ; although in other species he recognized 
the existence of a bracteolar sheath. As we shall see, bracteoles 
play a very important part in this species. Other authors, 
notably Jaubert and Spach ¢, Dippel $, and especially Koehne ||, 
have called attention to the fusion of the bracteoles into a sheath 
enveloping the ovaries. 
In the great majority of species in which a completely fused 
sheath is present, the two ovaries are entirely free from one 
another and there is no synanthy. A few exceptions occur, 
such as those which exhibit true synanthy, as already mentioned. 
In one species, Z. cerulea, the presence of a bracteolar sheath 
has given rise to a form of synanthy which is distinct from that 
above described. 
Before, however, proceeding to discuss the condition of affairs 
in this interesting species, it may perhaps be well to point out 
how different species of Lonicera exhibit different stages in the 
formation of a complete bracteolar sheath such as that of 
L.iberica. In L. nigra we have in some forms a very incomplete 
sheath, which, in the flowering stage, does not cover more than 
half the length of the ovaries. In Z. involucrata, Banks, a North 
American species with large leaf-like bracts, the two free ovaries 
are completely covered by large bracteoles, which are united in 
pairs medially, but remain free laterally. Other species similar 
in this respect to LD. involuerata are L. Maacki, Maxim., 
L. arborea, Boiss., L. flavescens, Dipp., and L. spinosa, Jacq.** 
In L. iberica, as already stated, the four bracteoles are com- 
pletely fused. Other species with a complete bracteolar sheath, 
and with the ovaries free from one another aud from the 
* O. Koch (1851), p. 478. + Boissier (1875), p. 9. 
t Jaubert & Spach (1842), p. 137. ; _ 
§ Dippel (1889), p. 254, &e. || Koehne (1893), p. 4. &e. 
§] Koehne (1893), fig. 813 ef, #* Koelme (1898), fig. 813 ac. 
