560 DR. M. T. MASTERS: GENERAL VIEW 
A General View of the Genus Pinus. By Maxwery T. 
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Correspondent of the 
Institute of France. 
(PiatEs 20-23.) 
[Read 19th November, 1903. ] 
Tue special object of the following notes is to add to our 
knowledge of the species of Pinus and to facilitate their 
determination. Without any pretence to be complete, they 
comprise details either imperfectly appreciated or not included 
in the ordinary text-books. For the present purpose it is not 
necessary to cite the whole of the voluminous literature per- 
taining to the subject. It is sufficient to indicate here some of 
the more important and more recent publications, and those in 
which full bibliographical references may be found *. 
In addition to the very extensive literature, I have availed 
myself of the resources of the principal herbaria in London, 
Paris, and elsewhere, and have, wherever practicable, studied 
the living trees—in some few cases in a wild state, but in the 
large majority of instances as growing in the Pinetum at 
the Royal Gardens, Kew, and in numerous other botanical 
and private establishments. Many specimens have also been 
obligingly communicated to me from botanists in the United 
States and the continent of Europe. 
The genus Pinus is here taken in the limiled acceptation now 
usually adopted. So limited, it forms a very natural and easily 
recognized group. It includes those Abietinew in which both 
shoots and leaves are dimorphic, or, as regards the leaves, 
polymorphic. ‘ 
The extension-shoots grow rapidly and during the season 
more or less continuously, and are elongated ; the lateral shoots 
are either elongate or short and thick, forming “spurs,” which 
* Bentham and Hooker, ‘Genera Plantarum,’ iii. (1880) p. 438; Parlatore 
in DeCandolle, Prodromus, xvi.? (1868); Engelmann in Trans. Acad. St. 
Louis, iv. p. 161 (1880); Eichler in Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfamilien, 
ii. p. 70 (1880); Beissner, Handbuch d. Nadelholzkunde (1891); Masters in 
Journ, Linn, Soc., Bot. xxvii. (1889) p. 226, xxx. (1892); Sargent, Silva, xi. 
(1897) ; Kent. in Veitch’s Manual, ed. 2 (1900); Conifer Conference Report 
R. Hortic. Society, vol. xiv. (1892). Other references will be given incidentally 
or under the head of particular species. 
