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OF THE GENUS PINUS. 561 
the Germans call Kurztriebe. These are axillary shoots, which 
grow slowly and are soon arrested in their growth, so that they 
do not materially lengthen between the internodes, and pro- 
bably serve as store-places for reserve food or for water. They 
are surrounded by bud-scales. The leaf-organs are very 
polymorphic; three forms only need here be mentioned—the 
cotyledons; the primordial or transitional leaves, which may 
be mere scales, or linear leaves scattered spirally around the 
extension-shoots; and the adult leaves, which are arranged in 
tufts of from 2-5 (rarely more than 5) on the ends of the “ spurs” 
(see fig. 1, p. 585). The number of leaves in each tuft is 
usually, but not invariably, constant in particular species. The 
fascicles are encircled at the base by a number of perular scales, 
subcoriaceous in texture, or more or Jess membranous and 
arranged spirally. The male flowers are borne on the shoots of 
the year, are amentaceous in appearance, and arranged in 
clusters, never solitary. Each flower is surrounded by a perianth 
of imbricating bracts, varying in number but constant in each 
species. There are not more than 4in P. quadrifolia, cembroides, 
edulis, Balfouriana, and aristata ; 6 in P. monophylla, resinosa, 
and contorta; 8-10 in the majority of species, including all those 
of the Strobus section ; and as many as 14-16 in P. Torreyana 
and P. Sabiniana. The details relating to the number and 
arrangement of these scales are mostly taken from Engelmann. 
In several species this character has not as yet been observed. 
These imbricating scales are homologous with those that sur- 
round the fascicles of leaves, and the stamens, though separated 
by a bare interval, are serially continuous with them. The 
anthers or micro-sporanges are borne on the under surface of the 
sporophyll. The pedicel bearing the young female cone is clothed 
withs pirally arranged perule or scales, like those on the vegetative 
shoots, but they have no tufts of leaves in their axils. By 
tracing these perule upwards, they may be seen gradually to 
become shorter and to pass insensibly into the bracts, in whose 
axils are placed the ovuliferous scales. 
The female flowers are, unless in rare exceptions, lateral. 
At first sight, from their erect direction and from the fact that 
they overtop the terminal leaf-bud, they appear to be terminal. 
Subsequently the peduncle curves downwards, and the lateral 
position then becomes obvious. In some species the mature 
cones remain in proximity to the terminal Jeaf-bud, in which 
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