“or 
OF THE GENUS PINUS, 595 
the Cascade Mountains, the western side of the Sierra Nevada, 
the coast-range of California, and the southern slopes of the Sau 
Bernardino Mountains (Sargent). 
“The closed cones of this tree, preserving the vitality of the 
seeds for years, seem an admirable adaptation to the peculiarly 
severe conditions of its surroundings, enabling it to survive the 
fires which constantly sweep over the dry slopes where alone it 
grows. When the trees are killed by fire, as is almost invariably 
the case every few years, all the seeds produced during their 
lives are scattered at the same time over the ground, and growing 
rapidly, soon produce an abundant crop of seedlings; in the 
same groves the trees are almost invariably of the same age 
and. size, there being no seedlings or younger plants among them 
to perish with the older trees, and thus to diminish the chances of 
reproduction and perpetuity.” —Muir, ex Sargent, Silva, xi. p. 107. 
The young cones are stipitate and spread horizontally. 
They issue from the main branches, from which they are never 
detached save by fire. The buds are slender, cylindric-conic, of 
a reddish-brown colour. The leafy shoots are reddish-brown, 
with a single row of resin-canals, and destitute of leaf-buds at 
the base. The leaves are in threes, three-sided in section, with 
a convex dorsum and two concave sides. Stomata are present 
on all the faces. Beneath the epidermis is a layer of thin-walled 
water-cells overlying the thick hypoderm. ‘The cells of the 
mesophyll have infolded walls, and the resin-canals are median 
and surrounded by stereome-cells. The meristele is oblong in 
section, rounded at the ends, and slightly depressed on the upper 
surface. The fibro-vascular bundle is branched, the branches 
separating rather widely. The endoderm-layer consists of about 
46-50 cells. 
The cotyledons are 5-8 in number. 
33. Prnus raprata, D. Don (1836); Sargent, Silva, xi. (1897) 
p- 103; Lemmon, Novitates Occidentales (1893); also in Garden 
§ Forest, Feb. 10,1892; Masters, in Gard. Chron. March 14, 
1891, p. 337, and Jan. 26, 1878, p. 108, fig. 22 (as insignis). 
A species occurring over a very limited area on the coast of 
California to the south of Monterey. 
It is probably the tree called P. californica by Loiseleur in 
Nouv. Duhamel, v. p. 243 (1812), where it is thus described :— 
‘“‘ P. foliis geminis ternisve gracilibus, strobilis folio multo 
longioribus.” The P. adunca of Poiret, in Lam. Dict., Supph 
