612 DR. M. T. MASTERS : GENERAL VIEW 
p- 343; Mottet, Conif. et Taxac. 1902 (216); Gremli, Flora of 
Switzerland, English Edition, by Paitson (1889), p. 425. 
This species, taken in the sense adopted by Parlatore and most 
modern authorities, is a low-growing tree or bush, native to the 
Alps of Central and Southern Europe. 
The leaves of Pinus montana are usually bright green, the buds 
obtuse or shortly acuminate. The male flowers vary from lemon- 
yellow to deep orange in colour. In the cones the apophysis is 
greyish-brown, with a blackish ring surrounding the umbo. 
In section the leaves are semiterete, flattish on the ventral side, 
with a row of small, thin-walled water-cells and a thick layer of 
hypoderm. The resin-canals are submarginal and surrounded 
by strengthening cells. The mesophyll consists of three or four 
layers of cells with infolded walls. The endoderm-cells are 
oblong, about 44 in number. The meristele is oblong in section, 
depressed on the upper surface; the fibro-vascular bundle 
branched, the branches separated by fine cellular tissue. 
This structure I find to be substantially the same in the varieties 
uncinata, Mughus, Pumilio, and Fischeri. 
Koehne notes that in all forms of P. montana the epidermal 
cells are twice the thickness of those in any other (European) 
species and have only linear cavities. ‘The relative absence of 
stereome-cells between the two branches of the fibro-vascular 
bundle is also commented on by this observer. 
The cones of this species are exceedingly variable, especially in 
the form of the apophysis, whence several varieties have been 
described under separate names, Parlatore, however, states | 
“‘Qmnes strobilorum et squamarum formas vidi ipsa in arbore.” 
In the variety wncinata the cones are unsymmetrical and the 
cone-scales recurved and hook-like. 
In the var. Pumilio, to which P. uliginosa is referred, the 
cone-scales are not recurved, although somewhat prominent. 
In var. Mughus or Mugho the apophysis is flattened, with a 
central umbo. 
Willkomm (Forstl. Fl. p. 209) enters into much detail concern- 
ing the several varieties, which he classifies as follows :— 
A. P. uncinata, including rostrata, macrocarpa, pendula, cas- 
tanea, versicolor, rotundata, pyramidata, gibba, mughoides, and 
pseudo-pumilio. (See Mouillefert, Arb. tab. 28 bis.) 
B. P. Pumilio, comprising Pumilio, gibba (sic), applanata. 
C. P. Mughus. 
