622 DR. M. T. MASTERS: GENERAL VIEW 
is called Pinus maritima. Going back to pre-Linnean times, we 
note that it was the maritima major of Bauhin, and the P. silves- 
tris maritima conis firmiter ramis adherentitus of Plukenet’s 
Almagest. (1696) p. 296. It is figured in Tabernemontanus, 
‘Tcones’ (1588), ic. 937. 
Bubani, Flora Pyren. p. 36, cites our plant under the name 
P. maritima of Theophrastus, and further refers to the ‘Idylls’ of 
Theocritus and the ‘Bucolics’ of Virgil! whose authority in such 
matters, however, the majority of modern botanists are not 
likely to recognize. 
The tree is so well known that little need be added to its 
description. The long leaves are in pairs or in threes. When 
in pairs the leaf-section is boat-shaped, dorsally convex, flattish 
on the upper surface. When in threes the leaf-section is convex 
dorsally, with two slightly concave lateral surfaces. In all 
cases the resin-canals are median. 
In most cases the cones are deflexed or pendulous, but in the 
variety Lemonianus the cones are terminal and erect (see 
Sir C. Lemon in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, vol. i. pl. 20, 
1833). Sir Charles mentions having seen some hundreds of 
examples, which presented an unbroken constancy of character. 
Specimens of this variety may be seen in the Paris herbarium. 
I have seen similar change of position in P. silvestris, but never 
to the same extent. The trees, as described by Sir Charles 
Lemon, never produced leading shoots, as the terminal bud was 
represented by a female cone, beneath which the lateral shoots 
were produced. The ordinary Pinaster is readily recognized by 
its conical cones, prominent pyramidal apophyses, and stout 
subulate umbos. The male flowers are in racemose clusters. 
In section the leaves are boat-shaped, with a prominent midrib 
projecting like a keel between the two somewhat concave sides. 
There is a thick layer of hypoderm beneath the epidermis, in 
contact with the cortical cells which have infolded walls. The 
resin-cauals are in the substance of the mesophyll and sur- 
rounded by stereome-cells. The endoderm consists of 50 or 
more cells. The meristele is elliptic in section, with a branched 
fibro-vascular bundle, the branches convergent towards the 
upper surface. The structure of the primordial leaf is similar, 
but the endoderm -is not so well differentiated and the resin- 
canals are not provided with a sheath of stereome. The coty- 
ledons are 5-8 in number. 
