GENERA OF TAXACEHX AND CONIFER. 3 
Tribus I. SALISBURINEZ. 
Flores dioici; testa carnosa arillo genuino deficiente vel imperfecte 
evoluto. 
Ramuli dimorphi. Folia decidua. 
Flores masculi umbellati.............. 1. GINKGO, 
Ramuli homomorphi. Folia persistentia. 
Flores masculi capitati .............. 2. CEPHALOTAXUS. 
Flores masculi spicati..............4- 3. TORREYA. 
Tribus II. TAXINEA, vide p. 6. 
GINKGO. 
The earliest mention of this genus is by Kaempfer in 1712, 
and it was adopted by Linneus, in his ‘ Mantissa,’ ii. 313, in 
1771. It is remarkable for its shoots, some of which are elon- 
gated, others contracted, its fan-shaped, many-ribbed, deciduous 
leaves, and diccious flowers. The male flowers are stipitate, 
catkin-like, arranged in umbels on the ends of branches, having 
short, contracted, or undeveloped internodes and intermixed 
with leaves. Anther-lobes two, pendulous, divergent, connec- 
tive prolonged into a knob. Pollen not seen. The female 
flowers are borne in pairs on the sides of slender stalks. each 
flower consisting of a single erect. ovule destitute of bract or 
scale, but arising from a cup-shaped dilatation of the axis with- 
out any true arillus. The testa of the seed, however, eventualiy 
becomes succulent and drupe-like, while the inner coat becomes 
hard and woody, as in Cycas. The seed in the interior is covered 
with a brown membrane, the lower half of which is adherent to 
the shell, so that, on removing the latter, the lower part of the 
perisperm is bared. A similar appearance is presented in the 
seeds of Cycas. As in the case of Torreya and Cephalotazus, 
the structure of the ripe seed has a close resemblance to that 
of Cycas, the nucellus having a well-marked pollen-chamber. 
According to Van Tieghem, Bull. Soc. Bot. France (1891), there 
are in the axis of the pith two resin-canals. The same author 
asserts that fertilization only takes place in the ripe seed after 
its fall in autumn, and that the embryo is only developed in the 
following winter. 
The cotyledons, in germination, remain within the seed, their 
stalks protruding in an arched manner, the cylindrical tigellum 
B2 
