GENERA OF TAXACEX AND CONIFERS. 5 
The leaf-section (Cephalotaxus drupacea) shows the midrib 
prominent on the upper surface, a thick epiderm, no exoderm, and 
a single layer of palisade-cells above the mesophyll. In the centre 
is the fibro-vascular bundle, in section, of an elliptical shape, with 
ill-defined endoderm. Immediately beneath the phloem is a single 
central resin-canal, between which and the lower epiderm two or 
three rows of cells intervene. The stomata are abundant on the 
lower surface ; they are of the usual reniform shape, and are 
arranged in linear series. Van Tieghem notes the presence of a 
resin-canal in the centre of the pith, a character which separates 
it from all Conifers except its near ally Ginkgo, which has two 
in the same situation (Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1891, April 24). 
By Bentham and Hooker this genus is placed among the 
Taxodinee. It is, however, evident that its nearest affinity is 
with Ginkgo and Torreya, and that it has relatively little in 
common with Zuzxodinee. 
The species are natives of China and Japan, extending into 
Khasia. 
TORREYA. 
A genus established by Arnott in 1838, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 
ser. 1, vol.i. p. 180. The. leaves are spirally disposed, the flowers 
dicecious. The male flowers are axillary, spike-like, surrounded 
at the base by imbricate scales ; each stamen has a filament which 
expands at its upper portion into 2-4 longitudinally dehiscing 
pollen-sacs ; connective slightly prolonged. The female flowers 
are solitary, axillary, with imbricating, rather fleshy scales at the 
base. The erect ovule is gradually invested from below upwards 
by a fleshy aril, which becomes confluent with the succulent 
testa, so that in the ripe seed it is no longer distinguishable. 
Seed drupaceous. Embryo pendulous in floury or ruminate 
perisperm. The leaf-structure is almost identical with that of 
Cephalotaxus, but branched sclerous cells occur in the mesophyll, 
which confer strength in the absence of theexoderm, The fibro- 
vascular bundle has a semilunar form, and is surrounded py an 
endoderm with thick-walled cells. The solitary central resin- 
canal of the leaves resembles that of the species of T'suga. 
The species are natives of California, South-eastern United 
States, Japan, and China. In a fossil condition they are stated 
to occur in beds of the Miocene period. 
