GENERA OF TAXACEX AND CONIFERS. 7 
PHYLLOCLADUS. 
L. C. Richard, in 1826, proposed the establishment of this 
genus, which has been generally adopted. The species are re- 
markable for their flattened, entire, or lobed phylloclades. The 
leaves, from whose axils these organs spring, are small and scale- 
like. The flowers are monecious or diccious, the males stalked, 
clustered or solitary, catkin-like, each arising from the axil of a 
leafy bract. The anthers are imbricate, two-celled, dehiscing 
lengthwise at the sides; the connective is prolonged into an acute 
crest. The female flowers are few, or aggregated in close heads 
along the edges of the phylloclade, each protected by one or 
more bracts which eventually become fleshy. Ovule solitary, 
inverted, but subsequently erect, surrounded at the base by a 
tubular aril which becomes fleshy, but which never entirely con- 
ceals the erect seed. 
The two cotyledons are linear, and are followed by primordial 
leaves of similar form, which soon give place to scale-like leaves. 
The leaves at the base of the male flowers are broader and strap- 
like. The leaves have small resin-canals close to the exoderm on 
the lower surface of the leaf (P. alpinus), and a single central 
vascular bundle. In the phylloclade of P. alpinus beneath the 
upper epiderm is a layer of perfect parenchyma, traversed by a 
central and by numerous lateral fibro-vascular bundles. 
The species are natives of Tasmania, New Zealand, and the 
mountains of Borneo; and some species are known to have 
existed in Nebraska and in Spitzbergen in the Cretaceous epoch 
(Renault). 
Taxus. 
A classical name adopted by Tournefort (1700) and taken up 
by Linneus (1737) and by all subsequent authors. The leaves 
are spirally disposed, but so twisted on the side shoots as to 
appear distichous. On the leader shoots, and in the fastigiate 
forms, the leaves are not twisted, so that their spiral arrange- 
ment is always apparent. The flowers are usually diccious, 
rarely monecious. The male flowers are stipitate, the stipes sur- 
rounded at the base by imbricating, perular scales, and bearing 
above a spike of anthers with 4-6 lobes radiating from the under 
surface of a peltate connective, recalling the appearance of the 
spore-cases of Hguisetum. The anther-lobes open lengthwise and 
liberate globose microspores. The female flowers are solitary, 
