12 DR. M, T. MASTERS ON THE 
Ramulicompressi vel angulati; folia dimorpha, 
juniora libera patentia, adulta squami- 
formia appressa basi plus minus con- 
crescentia. Strobili squame decussate 
vel subspiraliter disposite ........ Subtribus II. Tu urn 2. 
Flores dioici; strobili squamz tenues 
superiores tantum fertiles .......... 6. Firzroya. 
Flores monoici; strobili squame incrassate. 
Strobili squamze basi horizontaliter pa- 
tentes, apice peltatim expansze, 2- vel 
plurisperm2® ...... 0. cece cece cece 7. CUPRESSUS. 
Strobili squamze ascendentes oblonge vel 
clavato-dilatate. 
Squame 8-12 plus minus imbricate, 
semina utrinque eequaliter alata 
(exalata tamen in § Biota)...... 8. THuya. 
Squame 6 valvate mediane tantum 
fertiles; semina apice oblique alata. 9. LiboceDRUus. 
Tribus II. TAXODINEZ, vide p. 20. 
Tribus III. ARAUCARINEZ, vide p. 24. 
Tribus IV. ABIETINES, vide p. 27. 
JUNIPERUS. 
A genus known in classical times, mentioned by Pliny and 
other authors, established botanically by Tournefort in 1700, 
adopted by Linneus in 1737, and accepted with little or no 
modification by all subsequent botanists. It is well and sharply 
defined by its succulent cone-scales, which are confluent one with 
another at the base. The foliage is polymorphic. 
The anatomical structure of the free leaves is substantially the 
same as that of the concrescent leaves. In both cases the stomata 
are nearly if not quite confined to the upper surface of the leaves. 
The resin-canals are close beneath the epidermis on the upper face 
of the leaf. The single fibro-vascular bundle occupies the centre 
of radiating rows of parenchymatous cells all containing chloro- 
phyll, and more closely packed in the adnate than in the free 
leaves. A layer of exoderm cells (hypoderm) surrounds the 
leaves of both kinds immediately within the epiderm. In Juni- 
perus drupacea there is one large single resin-canal near the 
phloem of the fibro-vascular bundle. _. 
