26 MR. M. T. MASTERS ON THE 
with a number of perular scales, each stamen dilated at the top 
into a shield-shaped connective from the edge of which hang 
three or more anther-cells. The female flowers are globose, 
their scales spirally arranged, continuous with depauperate leaves 
at the base, and bearing no trace of their composite nature ex- 
ternally. Seed solitary, pendulous, with a single wing directed 
more or less horizontally to one side, in one instance I have seen 
two equal wings to the seed. As in Cunninghamia, the bract 
appears to form the greater mass of the fruit-scale, the ovu- 
liferous portion being marked internally only by a thin placental 
line from which the seed hangs. Cotyledons two, leafy. 
Resin-canals exist in the secondary liber only (Renault). 
The recent species are of Southern type, occurring in Australia, 
New Zealand, some of the Pacific islands, as well as in Brazil 
and Chile. 
Cones referable to this genus occur in the Cretaceous rocks. 
ARAUCARIA. 
In 1789 Jussieu proposed the establishment of this genus, 
which has been generally accepted, although by some its sections 
have been considered as distinct genera. In the young state the 
foliage is in some species heteromorphic; in the adult condition 
the leaves are arranged spirally, sometimes broad, in other species 
linear; its flowers are usually dicecious, the males in terminal, 
catkin-like masses solitary or fasciculate. Anthers numerous, 
with a prolonged connective from which hang 6-8 linear anther- 
cells. Female flowers terminal, the scales spirally arranged in 
continuous series with the leaves; the seed-scale usually not 
obviously distinguishable from the bract except by the aid of 
the microscope. Ovule solitary, pendulous, testa ultimately 
confluent with the scale. Cotyledons 2-4, epi- or hypogeal ; tigel- 
lum cylindric or tuberous. 
The genus is divided into sections according to the epi- or 
hypogeal mode of germination, the formation or otherwise of a 
tuberous tigellum, &c. * 
Van Tieghem notes the presence of a resin-canal outside the 
phloem in the pericycle of the root—a character which this genus 
shares with Agathis and Stachycarpus (see the latter genus). 
* See Heckel, “‘Sur la germination des Graines d’Araucaria Bidwillii et 
A. brasiliensis,” Comptes Rendus de ’Acad. des Sciences, Dec. 7, 1891, and 
Blanchard, in ‘ Revue Horticole,’ July 1892, p. 276. 
