GENERA OF TAXACEE AND CONIFERZ. 31 
epiderm is a double layer of hypo- or exoderm surrounding the 
mesophyll, which consists of uniform parenchyma destitute of 
palisade-cells ; but the lining of the cells is sinuous, as in Pinus. 
The endoderm is well marked, and the fibro-vascular bundle 
single. The two resin-canals are in contact with the lower 
epiderm. According to Van Tieghem, a central resin-canal 
occurs in the pith of the root. 
A peculiarity observed in the Deodar may be mentioned with 
a view of ascertaining its constancy or otherwise, viz., the disar- 
ticulation that takes place between the top of the filament and 
the base of the anther, so that when the former falls off the axis 
of the male spike is left with little projecting pegs, which are 
the remains of the filaments. 
The species occur in the Atlas Mountains of Algiers, the 
mountains of Lebanon, the Cilician Taurus, Cyprus, and in the 
Himalayas and Tibet. Sir Joseph Hooker considers that the 
so-called species are geographical varieties derived from a common 
stock (Natural History Review, January 1862). 
Cones referable to this genus have been met with in the Lower 
Greensand beds of the Isle of Wight. 
LARIX. 
The Larches havé been distinguished from time immemorial ; 
but botanically they have been included under Pinus or Abies. 
The genus Larix was mentioned by Tournefort in 1700, and 
was adopted by Haller, Linneus, Miller, Salisbury, and others. 
The resemblance to the Cedars is striking; but in the Larches 
the foliage is deciduous, the male flowers are sessile along the 
lateral branches (of the previous year’s growth), the bracts are 
longer and more conspicuous in the young state. The anthers 
have a sharply pointed connective, and open lengthwise. The 
pollen-cells are globose. The cones are at first nearly horizontal, 
afterwards assurgent; their scales spring from the axis at right 
angles, and are then bent upwards, as may be seen in longitu- 
dinal section. In the young state the seed-scale is stipitate and 
quite separate from the bract springing from the axis above it. 
The cotyledons are 6, entire. The primordial leaves are flat, 
pulvinate at the base, stomatiferous on the lower surface, and 
usually much shorter than the cotyledons. The leaves have a 
double layer of hypoderm, uniform parenchyma, a single fibro- 
