GENERA OF TAXACEE AND CONIFERE. 39 
closely allied, are different. The two series converge towards 
Mexico and Guatemala, and with this group also the West 
Indian species may for this purpose be associated. Although the 
Andes form, as it were, a continuation of the Rocky Mountains, 
no true Conifers are found on them, their place being filled by 
Podocarps and Taxads working upwards from the south. Among 
Taxaceze Dacrydium and Podocarpus occur both in the northern 
and in the southern subdivisions of the globe. Among true 
Conifers, Juniperus, Libocedrus, and Pinus are the only genera 
found both north and south of the Equator. Taxus in the north 
and Podocarpus in the south belt the globe with but few breaks. 
Torreya has a curious distribution, being met with in both the 
Pacific and South Atlantic States of North America and in Japan 
and China. 
China and Japan are both remarkable for the number and 
variety of their Taxads and Conifers, whilst two genera, Psewdo- 
larix and Keteleeria, are, so far as known, confined to China, and 
Cunninghamia only occurs in China and in Cochin China; Gingko 
is of Chinese origin, but cultivated also widely inJapan. Scia- 
dopitys is exclusively Japanese ; whilst some of the species are 
common to both countries, there are several which are peculiar 
to Japan or to China. It is singular that these Sino-Japanese 
genera just mentioned, though belonging to different tribes and 
even orders, have all (except Sczadopitys) one character in common 
in the umbellate disposition of their male flowers, a peculiarity 
not met with in other genera. 
Amongst the true Conifers representatives of the genera 
Juniperus, Cupressus, Picea, Abies, and Pinus may be mentioned 
as occurring in all or nearly all the subareas of the Northern 
hemisphere from West to East. In the South amongst the true 
Conifers there is no such continuity from West to East, though 
Araucaria is common to Eastern South America, Chile, Australia, 
New Zealand, and some of the South Sea Islands. 
In the tables I have, as previously stated, followed C. B. Clarke 
as to the subareas proposed by him for statistical uses only, 
but for purposes of this communication I have been obliged to 
divide subarea 11 into a northern and a southern subdivision. 
The asterisks (*) denote the occurrence of the genera in the 
several subareas, whilst the crosses ( x ) indicate the existence of 
fossil representatives in the districts in question. In some cases, 
