FERTILIZATION OF MONARDA. 6L 
the species considered by these authors is M. ciliata, it may not 
be out of place here to give a short account of the phenomena 
of fertilization in some other species. 
M. didyma.—The flowers are massed in dense false whorls, 
like those of Mint. They are fairly large, with a brilliant red 
colour and strong aromatic odour. The bracts are reddish 
coloured on their upper surfaces, especially towards the base; 
they are large and surround the “ whorl” of flowers, adding to 
its conspicuousness, The calyx-tube is long and narrow, ending 
in short teeth. The corolla projects a considerable distance 
beyond it, its total length being about 36 mm. The tube of the 
corolla is only about °5 mm. in diameter near the base, and 
gradually widens above it. In the throat it widens toa diameter 
of about 4 mm. and then divides into an upper lip, continuing 
the line of the tube, and a lower lip, at right angles to it. The 
last 3mm. or so of the lower lip are turned up at right angles to 
the rest (fig. 14). The outer surface of the corolla is covered 
with minute glandular hairs. 
The two stamens are inserted upon the corolla, in the throat, 
upon the lower side; their filaments cross the throat, thus further 
narrowing its entrance, and run up under the upper lip; they 
project somewhat beyond it at the tip (fig. 14). Each bears a 
versatile anther, and the two are joined together laterally in a 
manner to be considered below (figs. 16 and 17). The anthers 
dehisce downwards. The style projects behind them; its 
anterior stigma is long, while the posterior, here as in most 
Labiatw apparently of little use, is much shorter. 
Honey is secreted, as in the rest of the order, by a gland at 
the base of the ovary It is fully protected from rain and from 
insects, other than those with tongues of 14 mm. or more in 
length, by the length (20 mm.) and narrowness of the corolla- 
tube. 
The flower is markedly protandrous. At first the style (fig. 14) 
stands just behind the anthers, with its lower stigma parallel 
to itself. Later on it projects a little further and the stigma 
bends down (fig. 15). The stamens stand straight out at first and 
present the pollen to the back of an insect visitor alighting on 
the lower lip. The cohesion of the anthers perhaps serves to 
keep them in the most favourable position. Later on the 
filaments bend backwards and remove the anthers from their 
position, carrying them behind the style. If the anthers have 
