142 BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN SOUTHERN PERSIA. 
sentatives of the xerophilous types of the lower region. The only 
high-mountain plants of a more northern character were, apart 
from the Ribes mentioned above, gathered in swampy meadows. 
Bornmiiller mentions particularly a Primula, evidently P. auri- 
culata, Pall., which is very common on all three mountains, from 
3000-3800 m. (9842-12,467 feet), a small-flowered Parnassia 
(P. subacaulis, Kar. & Kir. ?),a very fine Pedicularis, and a dwarf 
annual Gentiana (G. minutissima, Boiss.?). Wery characteristic 
of the steep rocks were the beautiful cushions of Dionysia. 
The usual fruit-trees were the apricot, plum, apple, pear, 
walnut, almond, and a variety of Eleagnus angustifolia with 
edible fruit. They all bore very well and freely even at Lalesar, 
at 3010 m. (9873 feet), except the almond-trees, which were 
mostly sterile. The walnut-tree sometimes attains enormous 
dimensions. The plane, which is planted frequently, forms very 
fine trees even at 2600 m. (8531 feet), but it does not reach the 
3000 m. (9842 feet) ine. At Chehar Tag, S.W. of Kuh Hezar, 
at 3000 m., the wheat harvest was in operation on the 7th of 
August. 
Bornmiiller left Kirman for Shiraz on the 16th of September. 
He went by way of Mashiz and Saidabad to Niris. The country 
was generally desert and very rich in Salsolacew. The hilly parts 
along the Kuh Paris only were covered with woody vegetation, but 
of a distinct desert character, whilst Pistacia mutica and Daphne 
acuminata were observed in a pass at 2350 m. (7724 feet), and in 
the mountains E. of Niris, where also Acer canescens and, for 
the first time also, Celtis transcaucasica were found. The low 
country along the south-east shore of the Niris lake yielded 
numerous Salsolacez in a fruiting state. But the mountains S. 
of it abounded in tree- and shrub-vegetation between 1540 m. 
(5051 feet) and 1800 m. (5905 feet) ; and on the 9th of October 
Bornmiller passed for several hours through a fine wood of 
Pistacia mutica with Acer, Amygdalus, Populus euphratica, 
Ephedra foliata, and a few patches of Nerium and Myrtus. He 
crossed this range and reached Shiraz by way of Servistan, where, 
however, no Cupressus—as the name seems to indicate (“ Serv,” 
Cupressus)—was seen. Bornmiiller intended to leave Shiraz at 
the end of November for Bushir, whence he wished to go either 
to Maskat orto Basra. In the spring he will start for Shuster and 
then try to proceed through the western Zagros to Hamadan. 
