262 REV. G. HENSLOW ON THE ORIGIN OF PLANT-STRUCTURES 
length, those of Heliotropium Kunzei and of H. undulatum being 
oneeighth. The orifice of the corolla is nearly or quite closed up 
by the infolding at the throat, and some, if not all, of the anthers 
curve over the stigmatic ring*. Lithospermum callosum, Arnebia 
linearis, and Anchusa hispida have the globular stigma situated 
just below the anthers. In all these species I have seen the 
pollen-tubes entering the stigmas, the pollen being undoubtedly 
derived from the anthers surrounding them. 
Lasratx®.—Of this order the Egyptian Deserts contain fifteen 
species. They are mostly small-flowered; one only, Salvia 
palestina, being large-flowered and evidently adapted to insects 
in the well-known manner; but this species is confined to the 
N.E. portion, and, judging by its limited distribution, it is pro- 
bably a comparatively late arrival. Of genuinely self-fertilized 
species the following may be mentioned :— 
Salvia lanigera (S. controversa) (Pl. XII. figs. 28,29). Though 
the flowers of this plant are ringent and not at all cleistogamous, 
the stigmas curl back between the auther-cells, just as in the 
unopened flowers of S. clandestina. S. egyptiaca has minute 
flowers, about half an inch in length, with the stigmas just below 
the anther-cell (Pl. XII. fig. 29). Lavandula atriplicifolia has 
a spike consisting of imbricated bracts from which very minute 
flowers protrude. 
ScRoPHULARIACEX.—This order is represented by ten species. 
Linaria has, of course, a flower adapted to insects, but the three 
species L. fruticosa, L. deserti, and L. egyptiaca are very small- 
flowered ; they set a profusion of pods, and, judging from dried 
specimens in the Kew herbarium, they have all the appearance 
of plants which are independent of insects. 
CHENOPODIACEHZ.—The members of this order found in the 
Deserts are all wind- or self-fertilized, as is the case elsewhere. 
Characteristic Desert species are Atriplex leucoclada, A. Hali- 
mus, Bassia mucronata, Traganum undatum, Salsola Pachoi, 
Anabasis articulata, and Cornulaca monacantha. They all have 
very minute and inconspicuous flowers. 
Of Enpogens the orders best represented in the Deserts are 
Lintace® and Gramine®. Of the former Gagea reticulata, 
Urginea undulata, Allium desertorum, A, Crameri, and Dipcadi 
erythreum are found in the north part of the Eastern desert. 
* For a suggestion as to the origin of the anomalous position of the stigma 
in Heliotropium, as in Vinca &e., see ‘Origin of Floral Structures,’ p. 135. 
