THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FLOWER. 285 
conspicuous species of Phacelia. Hydrolea and Nemophila being 
considered in this paper, we now know the fertilization of five 
genera of Hydrophyllacew, though not fully. Lastly, the ferti- 
lization of Monarda jistulosa was described by Dr. Ida Keller * a 
short time before the author’s paper was read. Her description 
differs from the writer’s in that the anthers appear to dehisce in 
the bud; but this is rather what might be expected in plants 
examined in November, when the light is feeble and the tem- 
perature low. No trace of this early dehiscence occurred in the 
plants examined by the author in summer. 
FertruizaAtion Mrrnops. 
1. Brodiea ixioides, 8S. Wats.—This, the only species of the 
Californian subgenus Calliprora, was studied in the Botanic 
Garden, Cambridge, during August 1892 and June-July 1893. 
It is scarcely visited by insects in England, and requires further 
study in its native place to be fully understood. The yellow 
flowers are borne in loose umbels, about 8-16 flowers being open 
at one time. The six perianth-segments are united below into a 
funnel-shaped tube about 6 mm. deep and 5 mm. wide at the 
mouth ; the total width of the limb is about 25 mm. (Pl. XVIII. 
fig. 1). Down the middle line of each segment on the outer 
side runs a dark brown line, which shows through the leaf and 
may act as a path-finder. The tip of the leaf is slightly swollen 
out vertically. Inserted on the perianth, at the mouth of the 
tube, are six stamens, three (inner) long, three short. The 
filament is broad and fleshy, ending in two horns, between which 
on the inner side is the introrse anther (fig. 2). The stamen 1s 
prolonged downwards into a fleshy ridge on the inner surface of 
the perianth-tube. The ovary is borne on a gynophore, and has 
a style with a capitate trilobed stigma (fig. 4); it bears three 
rows of hairs opposite the long stamens. 
The most interesting feature of the flower is the structure of 
the filaments of the stamens. These have a glossy appearance to 
the naked eye. Under the microscope it is seen that the horns 
and filament are covered with long, sometimes twisted, cells 
(fig. 8), which are very turgid, especially in warm weather, and 
rupture on being slightly touched with any hard body. A drop 
of fluid escapes on rupture: it has a pleasant slightly sweetish 
* “The Phenomena of Fertilization in the Flowers of Monarda fistulosa,” 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., Dec. 27th, 1892, p. 452. See also the paper which 
precedes it, “‘ Notes on Monarda fistulosa,” by Meehan. 
