294 MR. J. C. WILLIS’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO 
almost all the space between the corolla and ovary (figs. 19, 20). 
The latter bears glandular hairs on its upper part, above the 
staminal processes (figs. 18 and 20), and ends in a bifid style, 
with terminal stigmas, which are very sticky. There are no 
conspicuous honey-guides. 
Although so conspicuous, the flower, at least in England, 
is excellently adapted to self-fertilization. The stamens are bent 
inwards, and are usually found touching the stigmas when the 
flower opens. Soon the styles bend outwards a little, carrying 
the stigmas just clear of the stamens, and giving a chance of 
eross-fertilization, and then finally the flower shrivels up, and in 
so doing almost always pollinates its own stigmas. Every flower 
sets seed, even in the absence of insects. 
Nemophila maculata, Benth.—The only specimens available bad 
been some time in cultivation, and therefore were not suitable for a 
study of the dichogamy, but the general natural history characters 
of the flower could easily be made out. The flower is very con- 
spicuous, owing to the blue spots that terminate the white corolla- 
lobes ; these are also veined with blue (honey-guides). The calyx 
is softly hairy. The stamens are included, with versatile anthers, 
which usually hang so as to dehisce extrorsely ; they shorten and 
roll backwards on dehiscence. The ovary is hairy, rounded (not 
flattened as in Phacelia), and glandular ; the style short, bifid, 
hairy, especially below, and glandular; the stigmas terminal. 
The corolla bears appendages like those of Phacelia tanacetifolia*, 
which make a little tube leading to the honey, which is secreted 
by the disc below the ovary. At the mouth of the tube are 
several dark spots on the corolla, which may serve as path-finders. 
The honey is perhaps most easily obtained by probing these tubes, 
but is accessible, as in Phacelia, between the stamens and pro- 
cesses of the corolla, at the base of the flower. 
The flower shows protandry very similar to that of Phacelia 
divaricata, and is visited chiefly by bees, to which and to long- 
tongued Syrphide it would appear to be best adapted. The 
stigma is not quite mature when the anthers dehisce, but soon 
reaches maturity. The flowers generally set seed, and probably 
often fertilize themselves (cf. Phacelia divaricata). 
Nemophila thus resembles the other Hydrophyllacee in its 
general characters, approaching Hydrophyllum on the one hand 
and Phacelia on the other. 
Ziziphora capitata, Linn.—This member of the Labiate bears 
* Cf. anted, p. 54 and figs. 4, 5. 
