THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FLOWER. 295 
very small inconspicuous flowers, and appears to fertilize itself 
regularly. The calyx is tubular, 8 mm. long, constricted at the 
middle ; the corolla projects about 1-2 mm. beyond it, and opens 
to a width of 2 mm. across the two lips; the lower lip is 3 mm. 
wide. The conspicuousness is thus very small; the corolla is of 
a purplish red. The tube of the corolla is only -4 mm. in dia- 
meter in its lower half, and about ‘9 mm. above. At its mouth 
it is crossed by the filaments of the two anterior stamens (the 
posterior pair are aborted), which run up under the upper lip. 
The corolla is hairy outside and upon the lower lip, while lines 
of hairs continue down it, inside, from the insertion of the 
stamens. The anthers cohere at first like those of Monarda, and 
the style runs up behind them and curls down over aud between 
them. The stigma is thus pollinated as soon as the anthers 
dehisce, and as it soon after shrivels up, there is scarcely any 
chance of a cross-fertilization taking place. Almost every flower 
examined had set seed, and most of them their full number. 
Fourteen flowers gave forty fruits altogether, or over 70 per 
cent. of the possible number. 
From the length of the tube and the colour, &c., the flower 
would seem to have been formerly adapted to bees or Syrphida, 
but now it apparently receives few or no visits and fertilizes 
itself regularly. 
CLEISTOGAMY. 
Salvia Verbenaca, Linn.—This species exists under two forms, 
the normal and the variety clandestina. Only the normal form 
occurs in Cambridgeshire, according to Babington *. The species 
is, however, a very variable onef. The author has carefully 
observed many plants growing at Grantchester, Ditton, and 
other places near Cambridge, and has also cultivated specimens 
(from wild seed), which behaved similarly to the wild ones. 
The plants bear a great variety of patterns of flower, the bulk of 
which, however, during 1892-98 have been, not the normal open 
flowers, but rather cleistogamous, with reduced corollas. Various 
types are shown in the figures (Pl. XIX. figs. 21-25). The vast 
majority of the flowers were of the type shown in fig. 21, the 
corolla not at all or hardly visible at the mouth of the calyx, and 
completely closed. At the time of fertilization the corolla was 
* ‘Flora of Cambridgeshire,’ p. 176. 
+ Timbal-Lagrave, “ Recherches sur les variations que présentent quelques 
plantes communes dans le département de la Haute-Garonne.” Mém. Acad. 
Sci. Toulouse (Reprint, not dated). 
