466 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
MAGNoLIAcEs. 
This order is one of those in which some species have, and 
others have not, stipules. As already mentioned (Journ. Linn. 
Soc. vol. xxviii. p. 223) the winter-buds in Kadsura are protected 
by the outer leaves, which are reduced to scales. In Drimys afew 
of the outer leaves of the resting-bud are reduced to small bract- 
like fleshy organs, which become green or red on the resumption 
of growth. The leaves in bud are convolute, two of the outer 
ones enclosing the rest. 
In Magnolia acuminata, Linn., the stipules are adnate to the 
petiole for only half its length, and in IZ. grandiflora, Linn., at 
the very base only, connate at both edges, forming a cylindrical 
sheath, which encloses the bud, gradually splitting as the latter 
develops. The interesting case of Liriodendron I have already 
described (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. vol. xxiv. p. 84). 
In Magnolia glauca, Linn., the winter-bud is covered by a pair 
of connate stipules adnate to a petiole that is less than half their 
Fig. 1, 
Magnolia glauca, ad nat.—p, point to which the stipule extended while siill 
adnate in bud ; s, stipule still adnate to unfolded leaf; w./., unfolded leaf, 
twice conduplicate longitudinally in the upper two-thirds to find room 
in the interior of the stipule, and twisted below this double folding. 
‘ength. As the bud lengthens in spring, the stipules split by a 
regular fissure and at the same time become almost separated 
from the petiole. 
Succeeding leaves are perfect, and each has a pair of stipules 
adnate to the top of the petiole while in the bud-stage, and connate 
