468 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
These small leaves, owing to the first internodes of their axis 
not being doveloped, arise so closely to the base of the petiole of 
the large leaf that they appear to be the stipules of that half. 
After a time the axillary bud lengthens into a shoot, and a bud 
is developed in the axil of each of the small leaves at the base of 
the shoot. The third leaf on the axillary shoot is spathulate and 
much smaller than the first two, but becomes green and leathery. 
Succeeding leaves, to a considerable number in some instances, 
remain small, subulate, and bract or scale-like; in other cases 
the fourth to the seventh leaf inclusive remain small. 
The leaves in the bud are divided into two or generally three 
leaflets, that is they are ternate ; on the stronger ones more or 
less perfectly biternate, with the leaflets conduplicate. A large 
number of these in an advanced condition surround and protect 
the bud, and are afterwards carried widely apart by the elongation 
of the internodes. Meanwhile the axillary buds are protected 
by the base of the petiole and by the dilated persistent pedestal, 
on which the petioles are inserted. There are no stipules proper. 
NYMPH HACER. 
Nymphea.—The stipules are intrapetiolar. 
In Nymphea tuberosa, Paine, the winter-bud is under water 
and consists of a dense or compact, conical mass of leaves in 
various stages of development intermingled with stipules and 
covered by the decaying remains of old leaves and their stipules. 
Each half of the leaf is convolute longitudinally from the edge 
inwards to the midrib, including also the basal auricles. 
The stipules are inserted on the edge of the dilated pedestal 
of the leaf-stalk, and below the articulation of the latter; and 
are connate in one plate-like piece in front of the petiole. They 
are therefore intrapetiolar, and attain a length of 1°8-3°5 em. 
They are emarginate or variously dentate at the apex, and have 
a thickened portion corresponding to the midrib. From the 
basal outer face of each petiole arises a slimy mass of long 
hairs, which lie therefore in front of the stipules of older leaves. 
The object of these stipules seems to be to protect the tender 
young leaves of the bud from fishes and other aquatic animals 
that feed on vegetation. They are kept at bay not only by the 
stipules, but by the hairs above-mentioned and the fine bases of 
the outer, older leaves, as well as the dead decaying leaves and 
stipules. 
