THEIR FORMS AND FUNCTIONS. 471 
Claytonia perfoliata, Donn, is also exstipulate, the petioles 
being greatly dilated and thickened at the base, with a membra- 
nous margin. The buds are effectively protected by the numerous 
dilated and imbricated petioles. Stipules are also absent in 
Talinum. 
F. Pax in his account of the family in the ‘ Pflanzenfamilien’ 
observes that the widely distributed metamorphosis of the 
stipules, in this family, to protective organs for the axillary 
shoot or the inflorescence, is, like the fleshy character of the 
leaves, closely connected with the habitat—the dry plains of the 
Karroo and California. 
The stipules are reduced to axillary bundles of hairs not 
only in Portulaca, but also in Talinopsis, Grahamia, and 
Anacampseros. 
TERNSTREMIACESR. 
This order is generally exstipulate. For instance in Eurya 
japonica, Thunb., the leaves are without stipules, sessile, and con- 
volute in bud. The oldest unfolded leaf is rolled round the bud, 
covering the whole except a small part which is protected by 
the next oldest leaf. 
Even whenstipules occur, they are generally small and caducous. 
In Stachyurus precox, Sieb. & Zuce., they are subulate, carinate, 
‘Sslenderly acuminate, glandular, serrate, and 6-10 mm. long. 
They fall away as the leaves attain full size. They are 
inserted at the very base of the petiole or even on the persistent 
pedestal. The stipules of the first and second unexpanded leaves 
together almost cover the younger leaves. 
In Engler and Prantl’s ‘ Pflanzenfamilien ’ Stachywrus is placed 
in a distinct order Stachyuracee, and Caryocar similarly in 
Caryocaracea, 80 that Ternstroemiacew proper (called Theacew) 
‘are exstipulate. 
In Caryocar nuciferum, Linn., the stipules are much more 
-developed, interpetiolar, and all four stipules of the opposite 
leaves are connate in two pieces, inserted upon the stem a 
little above the leaves to which they belong, completely pro- 
tecting the bud. 
MALVACEX. 
In Althea Heldreichii, Boiss., the petioles are terete, thickened 
-at the base, with a prominent pedestal. The stipules are foliaceous, 
