THEIR FORMS AND FUNCTIONS. 479: 
OLACINER. 
This order is exstipulate. 
In Villaresia grandiflora, Fisch., the petioles are short and 
semiterete, not dilated, but grooved at the base ; the axillary 
“buds, which are small, nestle between the axis and the grooved 
petiole. The terminal bud is also small, and consists of a small 
mass of convolute leaves. 
CELASTRINES. 
EHuonymus radicans, Sieb. & Zuce.—The leaves are opposite and 
decussate, but all turned to the upper side of the creeping stems, 
and appearing distichous. In this case they are ovate, generally 
small; but on short erect and stiff branches they are large, lanceo- 
late, regularly decussate, and stipulate. In the bud each pair 
completely covers the younger members; the individual leaves 
are concave or folded longitudinally so as to enclose the younger 
ones, and are half-equitant, narrowed to the base. The resting 
bud consists of six or seven pairs of leaves reduced to the con- 
dition of concave scales, more or less auricled at the base, and 
exstipulate. Sometimes the shoots assume a resting condition 
in summer, forming a bud protected by one or few pairs of 
scales. 
The stipules are small, bi-tri-fid, membranous, colourless, and 
situated at the very base of the leaf, where it is narrowed away 
at that part which develops into the petiole. They soon become 
brown, fall away early ; they are absent from the scales of the 
resting bud. 
Axillary buds arise in the axils of the leaves, while the latter 
are still young and erect at the base, and are sheltered by their 
own scales, by the stem, petioles, and to a slight extent by the 
small stipules. 
Catha edulis, Forsk., presents us with an interesting case of 
stipules of two kinds on one leaf. _ 
The leaves are alternate, petiolate, stipulate, elliptic, or obovate- 
elliptic, serrate, coriaceous, glabrous, persistent ; the petiole short, 
semiterete, rather deeply grooved above, prominently edged, 
scarcely dilated at the base, articulated. oul . 
The stipules are of two kinds. The outer set or true stipules are 
subulate, acuminate, ciliate, with a strong midrib, erect, adpresse 
to the axis, and having the anterior half lying in front of the 
