480 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
petiole. They are semipersistent, but many of them fall during 
the first winter. The other set of stipules consists of coarse 
fringes or cili, not unlike the ramenta of ferns, and are intra- 
petiolar, extending in front of the true stipules and the petioles. 
When the outer ones fall, the plant appears to possess these | 
fringes only. The ‘ Genera Plantarum’ says “ Stipule e ciliis 
paucis,” and seems to refer to these fringes only. 
The terminal bud (at least in the resting stage) is completely 
covered by the true stipules, and further protected by the petioles 
of one or more of the last-developed leaves, which are either small 
or imperfect. 
Cassine is said in the ‘ Genera Plantarum’ to be exstipulate. 
C. Maurocenia, Linn., however, has small, subulate, acute stipules, 
glandular at the margin, erect, gummy in the young stage, 
2-2:5 mm. long, soon becoming brown or black, but persistent. 
The terminal bud in the resting stage is covered by scales or 
imperfect leaves, with stipules which persist after the imperfect 
leaves have fallen. It is also protected by the petioles of the 
last-developed pair of leaves. In the growing stage it is pro- 
tected by the stipules and by the petioles of the youngest 
expanded pair of leaves, as well as by the developing pair when 
there are any in this condition. 
RHAMNES. 
In Zizyphus Jujuba, Lam., the leaves are alternate, somewhat 
irregular at the base of the branches, but for the greater part 
distichous, petiolate, stipulate, oval, serrulate, 3-nerved, glabrous 
or thinly pilose beneath, persistent; petiole short, grooved above, 
not dilated at the base, hairy. 
The stipules are spiny, unequal (that on the upper side of the 
shoots being the longest), straight, sharp, grey with a brown tip. 
The terminal bud consists of involute leaves standing face to 
face, but touching one another by their edges only, and very 
hairy on the back. At this stage the stipules are erect, and 
occupy the spaces between the leaves; but they ultimately become 
spreading. 
The axillary buds are very small, and nestle between the groove 
of the petiole and the axis. 
The plant is evidently adapted for a dry climate and situation ; 
and the stipules serve to protect it against browsing animals. 
