492 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
more or less completely cut down to the petiole of the stipule, 
or they may even have a short stalk of their own. Near the base 
of the shoot the stipules fall away much earlier than their leaves. 
They measure from 1°4-3'2 cm., the largest being towards the 
top of the shoot, and their lateral lobes vary from 1°5 mm. to 
9°5 mm. in length. 
At the base of the moderately long, spur-like shoots the stipules 
are small and tooth-like. A little above this they are subulate, 
acuminate, and fall early. Those of the uppermost leaves are 
adnate to the base of the dilated or sheathing portion of the 
petiole for a distance of 3-4 mm., and the free portion is linear, 
slender, almost filiform, but a little dilated above the middle, and 
slightly glandular-serrulate. 
Very short spurs or shoots about 2°4 em. long have less deve-- 
loped stipules. The lowermost ones are tooth-like, with generally 
prominent glands. The uppermost-ones are comparatively broad, 
but adnate to the petiole for the greater part of their length, 
forming a sheath ciliated at the edges and protecting the terminal 
bud; the free portion is tooth-like or ovate, according to its size, 
gradually becomes brown, and falls away before the leaves. 
The two outer scales of the winter- or resting-bud are roundly 
ovate, tridentate, and cover about half the bud; the middle tooth 
is truncate and represents the base of the petiole. The third 
scale has the middle tooth pointed ; the fourth and fifth are closely 
ciliated at the edges and each covering two-thirds of the bud, 
but otherwise similar to the previous one. The sixth and seventh 
scales are trifid, each covering three-fourths of the bud, with the 
stipules broader than the middle tooth. The eighth and later 
ones are much narrower, tripartite, with a very short sheath, 
loosely arranged around the central axis and constituting true 
leaves. The stipules vary from ovate to subulate, and are about 
equal in length to the middle division, which is conduplicate and 
represents the lamina. In the younger leaves the lamina is 
rather longer than the stipules, and glabrous or nearly so, while 
the stipules are hairy. 
The stipules of the species of Pyrus are generally deciduous 
and less persistent than the leaves; but those of P. Aucuparia 
as well as P. baccata var. microcarpa persist as long as the 
leaves themselves, at least on the strong and elongated, leafy and 
barren shoots. 
