THEIR FORMS AND FUNCTIONS. 493 
In Pyrus Aucuparia, Gertn., the stipules of those shoots are 
adnate to the petiole for about half their length, forming a broad 
sheath. The free portion is dimidiate, leafy, semiorbicular or 
semiovate, dentate, and somewhat spreading. They serve to 
protect the axillary buds, at least in their early stages, and the 
terminal bud while in the growing stage of the shoot. The 
stipules of the uppermost leaf of the same shoot are similar to, 
but smaller than, the others, or the free portion may be ovate, 
acute, and finely serrate. 
Even as early as August the buds for the succeeding year’s 
growth are well-developed. In a well-developed terminal bud (a 
flower-bud) the outer scale, which encloses a considerable portion, 
is short, truncate, and consists of the dilated base of the petiole 
combined with the adnate portion of the stipules, the lamina of 
the same being wanting. 
The second scale is 11 mm. long, more pointed and emarginate, 
the points representing the free portion of the stipules; the 
third and fourth scales are as long, but tipped by the densely 
tomentose arrested lamina of the leaf. ‘The fifth to the seventh 
inclusive consist of well-developed leaves ; the stipules are half- 
ovate, finely crenate on the posterior edge, acute, and appear 
like the lowermost pair of leaflets, but differ in being flat and 
thinly hairy on the back. The sheath is greatly reduced in 
length. The leaflets of these leaves are closely conduplicate, 
compactly imbricated, and densely covered all over with long 
silky hairs. 
In the axils of the true scales is a dense fringe of linear yel- 
lowish glands exuding a viscid juice. They are not confined to 
this position on the true leaves, but occur also at the base of each 
leaflet. They are greatly elongated, drawn out to a fine point, 
and feathery in the upper portion, like the tailed achenes of 
Clematis and some Anemones. These glands, since they exude a 
liquid, would be of a protective nature like those of the buds of 
the Horse-Chestnut. 
The eighth leaf is very much smaller and less perfectly 
developed than the previous three, and a few of those that follow 
form small leaves at the base of the principal branches of the 
inflorescence. The rest are bracts at the base of the smaller 
branches of the inflorescence, and fall early. . 
The stipules above described on the flowering shoots remain 
