494, SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
small, ovate or subulate, become brown and withered up, and 
generally fall before August. 
In Crategus Oxyacantha, Linn., the stipules on the leaves of the 
short lateral spurs and those at the very base of the elongating 
shoots are minute and tooth-like, or subulate, soon becoming 
brown and falling early. Those on the elongating shoots vary 
from unilateral, falcate, serrated, small, but foliaceous organs, to 
large, half-cordate, simply or doubly serrate, shortly stalked, 
foliaceous, much reticulated organs, with the principal nerves 
radiating from the base of the lamina and passing into the principal 
teeth. Thus there are at least three distinct types of stipules. 
Exochorda grandiflora, Lindl., as already mentioned (Journ. 
Linn. Soc., Bot. xxviii. p. 231), is exstipulate, though the scales of 
the winter-buds are tridentate at the apex, representing perhaps 
the petiole and stipules. On the other hand, in EZ. Alberts, 
Regel, the leaves have well-developed foliaceous stipules, which 
are obliquely oblong, often or always unequal in size, almost 
dimidiate, with the midrib or principal nerve marginal on the 
lower half of the anterior side, and a short distance within the 
margin in the upper half and excurrent at the apex, forming a 
short tooth. Their texture and colour is the same as that of the 
leaves. Their position on the petiole varies ; sometimes they are 
close to the base, while at others they are very near the lamina. 
Some leaves have stipules on one side: they appear therefore to 
be derived from the lamina rather than from the sheath. The 
stipules of this genus therefore differ much from those of other 
Rosacee. 
Rosa simplicifolia, Salisb., has no stipules, but the petiole has 
a thin margin, continuous with the lamina and dilated at the base 
where it protects the axillary bud. Itis, however, never separated 
im any way from the petiole. There are one or two short capitate 
glands on each edge. There are no other glands on the leaf 
except at the tips of some of the teeth. Dr. Masters, however, 
informs me that the fibrovascular bundle intended for the stipules 
still exists, indicating that they existed formerly. 
SAXIFRAGER, 
In this family the shrubby species are generally without 
stipules. In Brexia, however, though it is generally described as 
exstipulate, the leaves while in the bud have fairly developed 
