THEIR FORMS AND FUNCTIONS. 495 
stipules. They are triangular-subulate, but too small to afford 
much protection. In Davidsonia pruriens, F. Muell., the stipules 
are much larger, reniform, sessile, doubly incise-serrate and 
hairy like the leaves, and afford substantial protection to the 
young bud. 
Wiesner, in his ‘ Biologie der Pflanzen,’ gives a good figure of 
bud-protection in Philadelphus Ooronarius, Linn. The axillary 
bud is protected by a portion of the leaf which remains after 
leaf-fall and forms an almost closed chamber (p. 41, fig. 30). 
CRASSULACE. 
The buds are well protected by the bases of the thick sessile 
leaves. 
HAMAMELIDEA. 
I have already * described the large ovate stipules of Bucklandia. 
Those of Liquidambar formosana, Hance, are very different, being 
subulate-linear, acuminate, slender, ciliate, inserted on the edge 
of the petiole at the base of the latter in the early stages, but 
ultimately carried a little way above the base by the elongation 
of the petiole and extending to the base by a very narrow rim. 
The leaves are alternate, palmately 3-5-nerved and lobed, 
serrate, hairy on both surfaces and folded along the principal 
nerves when in bud, ultimately glabrous or nearly so ; the petiole 
is subterete, dilated at the very base, shallowly ridged and 
furrowed, the groove on the upper surface being slightly more 
defined. 
The terminal bud in the growing stage consists of numerous 
leaves neatly folded up as stated above. The older protect the 
younger and the stipules also assist. They are about haif as 
long as their own leaf while that is still sessile or subsessile, but 
as long as the next younger leaf, the edges and more tender parts 
of which they protect. 
The axillary buds arise close to the apex of the axis and are 
covered by the still erect and dilated base of the petiole and by 
the stipules. They become more exposed when older. . 
Disanthus, a monotypic genus from Japan, has also linear 
stipules, while in the allied genus Rhodoleia they are absent. 
* Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxviii. p. 238. 
