THEIR FORMS AND FUNCTIONS. 4.97 
young petiole. At this stage they protect the axillary buds, which 
are very advanced, and also to some extent the terminal bud. 
Jussiea is also stipulate. 
In Jussiea acuminata, Sw., the leaves are narrowly elliptic, 
alternate, stipulate, tapering to a petiole-like portion, which is 
narrowly winged to the base, so that the leaves may practically 
be considered as sessile. The stipules are subulate, acute, 0°5- 
1 mm. long, tumid at the base, green with a black tip, soon 
becoming entirely black, and possibly glandular, inserted on the 
persistent pedestal of the leaf and remaining even after the latter 
has fallen. 
The terminal buds are protected by the leaves, which are quite 
sessile at this stage, and firmly convolute from the edge to the 
midrib, linear, and crowded inasmall cone. The stipules occupy 
the space where the leaf is much narrowed at the base, and would 
assist to a small extent in protecting the younger members of 
the bud. The axillary buds on the upper part of the shoots are 
developed early, and are protected by the base of the leaf before 
this fully expands. 
In Circea Lutetiana, Linn., the leaves are opposite, decussate, 
with petioles dilated at the base and connected by a transverse 
rim, stipulate. On the subterranean nodes the leaves are reduced 
to short triangular scales, and their stipules to small glandular 
points, or they are inconspicuous. The stipules of the first and 
second node are scarcely larger. Those on succeeding nodes are 
subulate, acuminate, with slender points, but still comparatively 
small, and all are inserted upon the edge of the transverse rim 
connecting the petioles. . 
In the very young bud the stipules are well advanced and lie 
between the edges of their own leaves and against the back of 
the next younger pair, which they equal in length. This is the 
only stage where they may be said to afford any protection to 
the terminal bud. When the leaves get to some size the stipules 
lie against the back of the petioles of the next younger pair. 
The leaves attain some size before expansion and the older protect 
the younger. The stipules appear to be of glandular origin and 
resemble those of Fuchsia excortica, F. Riccartoni, &c. Axillary 
buds are protected by the dilated base of the petiole. 
In C. alpina, Linn., the stipules of the two lowest pairs of aerial 
leaves are very smal] and glandular ; those of the two succeeding 
pairs -form larger glands. Sometimes the subterranean ones 
