500 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
remains green after the stem it encloses has become ripened and 
brown. The middle line of the sheath, that is the line of junction 
of the two sheaths, becomes brown with age while the thicker 
portion is still green. 
Besides the sheath, the terminal bud is protected by the leaves 
remaining erect and closely compacted together till they attain 
considerable size, and are permanently ascending. The axillary 
buds are protected between the leaf and the axis. Their leaves 
also remain erect for a long time. 
In Trianthema the opposite leaves of a pair are joined by athin 
membrane. 
Cypselea has membranous stipules. 
In Telephium Imperati, Linn., the leaves are stipulate, alter- 
nate, oblong or subelliptic, entire, glabrous, glaucous, with a 
distinct midrib, but the other venation obscure, and narrowed 
to a very short petiole. 
The stipules are ovate or roundly ovate, obtuse, scarious, 
nerveless, colourless, glabrous, intrapetiolar, adnate to the base 
of the short petiole, very broad and overlapping one another 
considerably on the contiguous sides, auricled at the base on the 
posterior side. The internodes being very short, the leaves are 
much crowded together on the young stems, so that the latter 
are completely enveloped by the adpressed stipules. The stems 
branch at the base, but little, if at all, upwards, so that the 
stipules have only the terminal buds of each shoot to protect. 
The outer leaves of the bud are about twice as long as their own 
stipules, lying in front of them, buta large number towards the 
centre only equal their stipules in length. The epidermal cells 
of the stipules are very wavy or curved, while those of the leaves 
themselves are shorter and polygonal. The stipules protect the 
tender young stems and their terminal buds. 
ARALIACER. 
Stipules adnate to petiole, connate, persistent. 
In Aralia elegantissima, Veitch, the persistent stipules are 
adnate to the base in the lower half, then becoming free, intra- 
petiolar, and forming a connate, emarginate piece fitting closely 
to the stem, to which their inner face conforms. 
The terminal bud is protected by several pairs of overlapping 
stipules rolled round it. All the leaves so protected are younger 
