502 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
CAPRIFOLIACEE. 
Sambucus Ebulus, Linn.—Stipelle ovate or suborbicular, small 
but foliaceous, and tipped with a gland. Stipules interpetiolar, 
foliaceous, in two very unequal-sized pairs. The lowest and 
contiguous pair occupying the central line of the axis, vary from 
linear to lanceolate or cuneate, shortly stalked and toothed above 
the middle. On the lower part of the young and growing shoot 
they are slightly separated from one another, but a little higher 
up they are closely contiguous. The larger stipules are ovate, 
acute, serrate, stalked, 3-5-nerved, resembling true leaflets, and 
inserted right and left contiguous to the small ones, but having 
longer stalks they rise above and partly overshadow the latter. 
Both pairs are involute in bud. 
In the bud state the same relative sizes of the stipules are 
maintained; but the smaller pair are very minute in the earlier 
stages because they come opposite the midribs or the base of the 
short, very stout petioles of the next pair of leaves. They 
become larger and slightly convolute as the bud enlarges and the 
leaves grow. The larger pair have ample room for development 
in the hollow space between the petioles of the leaves to which 
they belong, as seen in Viburnum Opulus, Linn., but on a larger 
scale. They become convolute at a much earlier stage than the 
small ones. 
The leaflets are involute in bud, and closely packed against 
one another. They enlarge, but do not begin to unroll till the 
leaf, as a whole, is 60 to 80 mm. or more in length. The ter- 
minal leaf is the first to unroll; and all do so from the apex 
downwards. 
The markedly connate leaves of Triostewm and Lonicera 
Caprifolium render stipules unnecessary for bud-protection. 
Dammer, in Oesterr. bot. Zeitsch. 1890, p- 261, and Fritsch, 
ib. 1889, p. 214, describe the occurrence and development of the 
stipules and nectaries in the species of Sambucus. 
RvuBraceg. 
For Sarcocephalus, see Potter, in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1891, p. 348. 
Groom, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) iii. p. 258, describes the stipules 
and their development with their investing colleters in species of 
Cosmibuena, Ooprosma, Hoffmannia, Gardenia (G. florida and 
laurifolia (?)), Pavetta, and Pederia. 
K. Schumann (Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenfamilien, iii. Teil 4, 
