THEIR FORMS AND FUNCTIONS. 5038 
Abth. p. 12) figures the bladders, inhabited by ants, at the base 
of the leaves of Duroia saccifera, Hook. f., and Remijia physo- 
phora, Benth. He does not, however, regard them as stipules, 
but as “sac-like outgrowths of the blade”; they lie at the base 
of the leaf near the middle nerve. 
Cinchona officinalis, Linn.—The leaflets are slender, grooved 
above, slightly dilated at the very base, downy with adpressed 
hairs. The stipules are inserted upon the stem and are inter- 
petiolar, but pass in front of the petioles, and touch by their free 
edges. They are erect, lanceolate, hairy, especially at the edges, 
and enclose the next younger pair of leaves. They become brown 
and are disarticulated from the axis, very soon after they cease 
to be useful. 
The terminal bud is amply protected by the stipules of the 
youngest expanded pairs of leaves. 
The axillary buds are at first very minute and densely covered 
with hairs, as is the stem around them. Some of those on the 
bud are much longer than the others. 
Catesbea spinosa, Linn.—The stipules are small, interpetiolar, 
connate, but very short in front of the petioles, very soon becoming 
dry and pale, but persisting for some considerable time. 
The terminal bud is enclosed by the two pairs of connate 
stipules belonging to a pair of leaves forming the youngest 
unfolded pair. Each pair of leaves lies face to face and flat in 
‘bud, pushing from inside the stipules in that manner. 
The axillary buds are of two kinds, in the axil of each leaf. 
The first to develop is a sharp spine without any leaves. The 
other is very small in the resting stage, and lies between the 
spine and the petiole of the leaf. It is also covered and pro- 
tected at this stage by the stipules, and is probably a lateral bud 
from the spine. 
Carissa spinarum, Linn., is very similar in habit and form, but 
has smaller leaves. It also bears a pair of spines in the axil of 
one leaf of every alternate pair. 
In Gardenia jasminoides, Ellis, the stipules are connate into 
a sheath closely investing the stem, rounded at the apex, and 
obliquely cut down one side for nearly half its length. This 
sheath consists of the four or six potential stipules completely 
united into one piece having many longitudinal nerves. They 
are therefore inter- and intra-petiolar, and do not at any time 
protect the leaves to which they belong. 
