504 SIK JOHN LUBBOCK ON STIPULES, 
The terminal bud in the resting condition or in a small state 
is completely invested by the sheathing stipules of the last or 
uppermost fully-developed pair of leaves. 
The axillary buds are protected inside the sheath in their early 
stages, ultimately pushing their way out. Sometimes the axis 
of the axillary shoot remains adnate to the primary one, and gets 
carried up with it, clear out of the sheathing stipules. 
In Coffea bengalensis, Roxb., the stipules are inter- and intra- 
petiolar, each pair being connate between the petioles and drawn 
out into a long, slender point ; they are also connate for a short 
way at the base, in front of the petioles, thus forming a short 
cup round the bud or the axis according to the stage. 
The terminal bud is covered by the stipules, which are longer 
than the leaves to which they belong. The stipules belonging 
to two pairs of leaves completely cover the bud; but the inner 
set of stipules have only their midribs or little more exposed. 
The leaves are folded over the bud in vernation, so that one pair 
with their stipules cover the whole bud. 
The axillary buds are protected by the petioles and the stipules 
belonging to them. Their first leaf or pair of leaves appears to 
remain small, and falls early. The stipules often persist for 
some time after their leaves have dropped. 
Stipules leaf-like. 
In Rubia tinctorum, Linn., the leaves are lanceolate (on the lower 
part of the stem at least), acuminate, one-nerved, sessile, stipulate, 
opposite, although often termed verticillate. Their true cha- 
racter may be seen by an examination of the underground 
portions of the annual flowering-stems, which are obtusely 
tetragonal. 
The subterranean leaves are opposite, or frequently three in a 
whorl, decussate, broadly triangular, obtuse, connate sometimes 
for two-thirds of their length, sheathing the stem, round which 
they form a cup, exstipulate. . 
The aerial leaves, which become green and perfectly developed, 
are also connate at the very base, forming a shallow cup. The 
first pair have one stipule in the space between each leaf, and the 
two leaves and two stipules occupy the four angles of the stem. 
The second pair have two stipules between each leaf, lying right 
and left of the angle of the stem, showing that they have arisen 
