18 



ILICINE^. III. Ilex. 



branches, hairy ; flowers 4-5-petalled. ^ 



in hot places, about Contumasay. Flowers white. 



£//i/)^ic-leaved Holly- Shrub. 



19 1. scopuLORUM (H. B. et Ki _ 



leaves ovate, roundish, and obovate, rounded at the apex, ob- 

 soletely-crenate, coriaceous, smooth, shining above ; peduncles 

 5-7-flovvered, and are, as well as the branchlets, pubescent, 

 clammy ; flowers 4-5-petalled. Tj . G. Native of Quito, at 

 Paramo de Alpachaca. Flowers white. 



Hock Holly. Tree 20 feet. 



Native of Peru, top, to prevent swallowing the pulverized herb, which swims on 



the surface. The whole party is supplied by handing the mate 



and pipe from one to another, filling up the vessel with hot water 



7. p. 70.) as fast as it is drunk out. The repugnance of Europeans to drink 



after all -sorts of people in a country where siphihtic diseases 

 are so prevalent, has occasioned the introduction of small glass 

 pipes, with which each person is sometimes provided. About 

 200,000 arrobas of the leaves, equal to 5 millions lbs., are annually 

 obtained from Paraguay,110,000arrobas of which go to Chili, from 

 which Lima and Quito are supplied ; the rest is expended in the 

 20 I. RUPicoLA (H. B. et Kunth, L c.) leaves ovate-roundish, vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres. Theleaves when green taste some- 

 elliptical, blunt, crenate-serrated, coriaceous, quite smooth, thing like mallow leaves ; they are roasted and dried, and almost 

 shining on both surfaces ; peduncles usually 3-flowered, and are, pulverized before they are packed. There are three kinds of it 

 as well as the branches, smooth; flowers 4-petallcd. Tj . G. in its prepared state, although produced by the same plant, which 

 Native of the province of Quito, near Loxa, in Paramo de Sara- go under the names of Caa-cuys, Caa-mini, and Caa-giiazu; 



Flowers white. 



Tree. 



the first is the buds of the leaves when hardly expanded ; the 



second is the leaves stripped off" the ribs before roasting, and 



the third is roasted without any preparation. The Caa-cmjs 



. . . does not keep, and is consequently all used in Paraguay. The 



letted from the middle ; cymes axillary, longer than the petioles. aromatic bitterness which the herb possesses when prepared is 



\ . S. Native of the Mauritius. Burglaria liicida, Wendl. ? ex partly dissipated by carriage. The principal harvest of the herb 



Steud. Flowers white. ^ '^^ ^ "^ • ^ • , — 



gura 



Roch^hill Holly. 



211. sALiciFOLiA (Jacq. colh 5. p. ^iG. t. 2. f. 2.) leaves long- 

 lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, smooth, tooth- 



Leaves with red edges. 



is made in the eastern part of Paraguay, and about the moun- 

 Willow4eaved Holly. Fl. June, July. Ch. 1818. Shrub tains of Maracaya, but it is also cultivated in the marshy valleys 



which intervene between the hills. The people boast of innu- 

 merable qualities which this herb possesses. It is certainly 

 aperient and diuretic, but the other qualities attributed to it are 

 rather doubtful. In the mine countries the use of this herb is 

 more universal, from the opinion that prevails amongst the 

 Spaniards, that the wines there are prejudicial to health. Like 

 opium, it produces some singular effects ; it gives sleep to the 



^ T 1 , ^ i' ' ' restless, and spirit to the torpid. Those who have once con- 



coriaceous, smooth, crowded, hardly stalked ; branches some- tracted the habit of taking it. do not find it an easv matter to 



10 feet. 



22 I. odora'ta (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 189.) 

 leaves oval-oblong, bluntly acuminated, crenulate, stalked ; um- 

 bels sessile, glomerate, equal in length to the petioles. ^ . H. 

 Native of Nipaul, in the vicinity of Chitlong at the town of 

 Lalmri. Flowers white, sweet-scented. 



Sweet-scented Holly. Tree. 



23 I. Paltoria (Pers. ench. 1. p. 152.) leaves oval, crenate, 



what velvety ; peduncles axillary, 1 -3-flowered. 



h 



of Peru and New Granada, on the highest mountains. Branches 

 brownish-black. Stigma large, tetragonal. Corolla usually 4- 

 petalled, white. Paltoria ovalis, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. t. 84. 

 f. 6. riex Paltoria, II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 69. 



G^ Native leave it off, or even to use it in moderation, though when taken 



to excess it brings on similar disorders to those which are pro- 



Paltor's Holly. Shrub 10 feet. 

 24 I. Parague'nsis 



pm. 



smooth 



vol. 2. 



(Lamb, 



FIG. 3. 



app, t. z.) quite 

 leaves obovate, oblon;ij. 



bluntish, remotely serrated; pe- 

 duncles axillary, many-parted ; 

 flowers 4-cleft, tetrandrous, rarely 

 5-cleft ; stigma 4-lobed ; drupe 

 8-furrovved, 



contamnifi: 



4 nuts. 

 I2 ' S* Native of Paraguay, and 

 in the Brazils, about Curitiba, 

 where it is called Mate, and in 

 French Herhe dii Paraguai^ and 

 in Paraguay Yerva 'mate. Flowers 

 white. Berries red. This plant is 



in Paraguay, 



grows 



that which 



where the Jesuits make a great re- 

 venue from the leaves. These 

 leaves are used in Paraguay, La 



duced by the immoderate use of strong liquors. 



The practice adopted for procuring the leaves is for the mer- 

 chant to provide himself with a quantity of such goods as are best 

 suited to the natives. After having obtained permission of the 

 government, he goes to the quarter where the natives under- 

 stand the work, and there he gives public notice of his design* 

 The cutters collect, and having received advances in goods, he 

 provides them with mules, and then conducts them to whatever 

 yerval or grove promises the best harvest. Each morning the 

 cutters disperse on foot, and cut as many branches as they can 

 carry, and after scorching them over the fire, they bring them to 

 the general deposit. A hurdle of long poles is there prepared 

 in the shape of a cylindrical vault, which they call barbaqua ; on 

 this the branches are placed, and under a large fire is made, on 

 which they dry the leaves. This done, they remove the fire, 

 and on a hard and liot platform, after being swept clean, they 

 throw the leaves, which they beat and separate. The leaves 

 being separated are put into leather bags ; they are now con- 

 sidered as fit for use, but not considered as seasoned until they 

 are a few months old. 



Mate or Paraguay Tea. Clt. 1823. Tree 15 feet. 



(M 



p. 100.) leaves 



Plata, Chili, Peru, and Quito at all hours of the day, by putting elliptical, pungently-mucronate, spiny-toothed,' rounded at the 

 a handfid in a kind of tea-pot called mate and from the spout base, green and shining above ; spikes usually twin, branched, 



of this the hot liquor is imbibed. Some mix sugar with it, and "" ' ' . ^ ° ^- ^ -- ' 



others add a few drops of lemon juice; and by pouring fresh 

 boiling water, the infusion may be renewed. The Creoles are 

 very fond of it, and never travel without a supply. They drink 

 the infusion at every meal, and never eat until they have taken 

 some of it. It must be drank directly, for if suffered to remain appear to be of this "opimom 



densely-pubescent ; flowers pentandrous ; style distinct, entire 

 1^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. The 

 leaves of this plant afford a kind of tea, called in Brazil Gon- 

 gonha or Congonhay and which is considered by some as iden- 

 tical with that from Paraguay. M.M. Martius and St. Hilaire 



long the liquor would become as black as ink. The pipe to the 

 fnale^ or tea-pot, called a bombilla, is perforated with holes at the 



M 

 M 



with his plant near Curitiba, in the province of St. Paul, and it 



|r 



^- 





1 



