30 



RHAMNE^. VIII. Rhamnus. 



usually smooth leaves, which are permanent and coriaceous, or 

 caducous, with feather nerves; in those with the permanent 

 leaves the nerves are either vaguely branched, or in others ap- 

 proximating. Plants possessing strong purgative qualities. 



Sect. I. Marcore'lla. Neck. elem. 2. p. 122. Rhamnus 



and Alaternus of Tourn. Flowers usually dioecious, and 4- 



deft. Seeds deeply furrowed with the raphe in the bottom of 



the furrow. Embryo curved. Leaves usually permanent, vaguely 

 veined. 



§ 1 . Alaternus (from alternus, alternate ; leaves). Tourn. 



left 



Ever^ 



inst. t. 366. 

 green shrubs. 



1 ^ .^__ ^ ^__ ^^^^^^ 



lanceolate, coriaceous, quite smooth, serrated ; flowers dioecious, 

 A,^ J -„ _!.__.. X T. Native of the south of 



R. alate'rnus (Lin. spec- 281.) leaves ovate-elliptical or 295. Flowers green. 



5 R. ikca'nus (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 350.) leaves ovate-lan- 

 ceolate, entire, smooth above, hoary beneath ; corymbs on small 

 axillary branchlets ; flowers hermaphrodite ; style 3-cleft. T2 ^S. 

 Native of the Moluccas. Flowers very numerous, small, green- 

 ish-yellow. Calyx villous on the outside. 



//oar^ Buck-thorn. Shrub 10 feet. 



§ 2. Rhamnus (see genus for derivation). Flowers in fascicles, 

 5 -cleft. 



6 R. LONGiFours (Link. enum. 1. p. 228. Dum, Cours. hot. 

 cult. 6. p. 260.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, serrated, 

 smooth, shining, pilose in the axillae of the veins beneath, l^ • H. 

 Native of? R. Willdenovianus, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5, p. 



^ 



disposed in short racemes. 



Europe and the north of Africa. Duh. ed. nov. 3. p. 42. t. I4! 

 Alaternus Phylica, Mill. diet. no. 1. fig. t. 16. f. 1. Flowers 

 greeuj without any corolla. 



, Var. a, Balcaricus (Hort. par.) leaves roundish ; stipulas awl- 

 shaped, and are, as well as the branchlets, somewhat spiny. Rh. 

 rotundifolius, Dum. Cours. 6. p. 260. 



Zono-ZeaiW Buck-thorn. Fl. ? CIt. 1822. Shrub 8 feet. 

 7 R. pRiNoiDEs (Lher. sert. 6. t. 9.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminated, serrated, shining; flowers on pedicels, axillary, 



usually twin, polygamous. Pj 



Native of tlie Cape of Good 



Hope. Zizyphus liicidus, Moench. suppl. 101. Drupe black. 



Stigmas S. Flowers green or white. 



ft,H 



\ 



ated. 



linear-lanceolate, h 



(D. C. 



ifoUus (Mill 



Prinos-like Bnck'thoxn. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1778. Sh. 10 ft. 

 8 R. Celtidifolius (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 72.) leaves ovate, 

 serrated, smooth ; flowers on pedicels, axillary, solitary, apeta- 



lous. f> . G. Nativo nftho TnnP nf C^r^nA H/^i^o _ T^,,,.^.^ ^fj.^ 



^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — B 



urm 



Rh. Clusii, Willd. enum. 1. p. 250. 



Clust. hist. 1. p. 50. Lob. icon. 2. t. 134. 



There are several other varieties, as 1. The aS'/woo^A Alaternus 

 2. The Entire-leaved Alaternus. 3. The Spotted-leaved Alater^ 

 nus. 4. The Gold-striped-leaved Alaternus. 5. The Silver 

 striped-leaved Alaternus. 



The flowers of y//a/ernzty are said not to be j^erfectly dioecious. 



t. 88. Flowers green. 



Celtis'leaved Buck-thorn. Fl. April, June. Clt. ? Shrub. 



§ 3. Flowers 4'cleft (f. 5. B. a. c), in fascicles, 



* Branchlets terminating in a thorn. 



9 R. catha'rticus (Lin. spec. 280.) erect ; leaves ovate, 

 toothed; flowers in fascicles, poly gamo- dioecious, berries 4- 



Native of Europe, in hedges 



Tl,„ ft.«.i {; " r 7r ^r V , ^ ''"'^^">^*°^^'^'^"s- seeded, rather globose. T? . H. Native of Eurone in hedges 



h athh.' tsoT'sa:: Tvelvn ILT' ''Y' /'^ ""T^ ^"^ ^^°^'^^ ^ P^^^^^^^ ^ England. Sm^d^^nrS t ^/p! 

 ZT'^Z^.^.:^.^^^^^ '" ^f ^^ ^"^^ marvellous Woodv. iried. hot. t. 1 14. o'ed. fl. dan. t. 850.^ Duh. ed. nov. 



relief to the bees is thov nnon in Ar^v.-r ri • ""-.««. ., uuuv. ineu. oot. t. iii. uea. tl. dan. t. 850. JJuh. ed. 



the bark ; and that dyers there use small pieces of the wood to 



It 



is a rigid bush ; its branches terminating in strong thorns. 

 There is avariety of it with 5-cleft flowers, and unarmed 



strike a blackish bbiP Pnln„r Tho ^/ /' V Z variety oi it witn ij-clett flowers, and unarmec 



covering walls, but chiefly to make a variety in ornamental 

 plantations. 



Alaternus. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1629. Shrub 20 feet. 



but if the berries be gathered late in the autumn the juice is 

 purple. The bark affords a beautiful yellow dye. The inner 



2 R 7bk,;us i&; se r t 5 T leave; obC • '', . 1'"'' °' '"'"' ^^ "'" "^ "" ''-"-. '"«^ "«" "( elder, is said .0 



serrated, s„roo.h?shrni„g, hardly p^^anen, raZ "Z"^ ^ ''f '''°"« T",'"' ^^ '° '""''^ ™"''""8- The berries are 

 flo>vers_a„drogyno„s. % . H. 'Ihis plant'' laTbee^^aS'l; r°";.rl!.?i^"i'j ri?"-' -^ ™-g *■-' .-<• -"r 



. This plant has been raised in 



the gardens from R. alaternus and R. alptnus. R. Burgundiacus, 

 Hort. par. R. sempervlrens, Hortulan. Flowers green. 



ness in the mouth and throat, accompanied usually with severe 

 griping of the bowels, unless some diluting liquor be taken 



.,.„,.„,.„„,„„ Fl AnTJne CI tie ' 9 ^ T^ , , r P.l»'iM'y "ith them. The juice n,ade into S syrup is the offi 

 3 R. o^J^^s (Iit.Tor'' k^-!'! p -265 )-Wes ovatl' Ta XT?"? '"""', '?-''-*"■>• About I o^unce of this 

 bluntly-serrated, s,no„\l, beneath, in the^xini ofX Z^ 'i^:::'^Tt tl:^i^J^J^^."^^'^^\ "-".*- 

 vems glandular ; flowers hermax^hrodite, racemose. ^ , G. Na- 

 tive of the Canary islands, in woods on the mountains. Vent. 



malm. t. 34. Flowers ffreen. 



G/«H^«/flr-leaved Alaternus. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt.l78J. Sh. 15 ft. ^%w"^ 

 4 R. ixtegrif6lius (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. l36. exclu- 



gogue ; ,but it is now falling into disuse, and is rarely prescribed 

 except in conjunction with other medicines of this class. It is 

 said even that the flesh of birds which feed upon these berries is 



/3, Hyd. 



sive of the country,) leaves elliptical-oblong, mucronate, quite 

 entire; flowers hermaphrodite, racemose. ^. G. Native of 



ing to the base. 



. T? • H. Native about Hydria. 



Furging Buck-thorn. Fl. May. Britain. Shrub 12 feet. 



Teneriffe, on the highest peak. R. coriaceus? Nee hort. phys. termin^in "fn T ^ '"V ^' "^^ '\'^- ''''^ '"'''^ ^'''''^^'■ 

 p.ll4.t.22. Brouss.inRcem.etSchult.syst. 5. p. 291. Youn; cosT serrLn fl^'"'' ' leaves nearly opposite, oblong, ventri- 



leaves flat, adult ones boat-shaped. Flowers green, apetalous " and Uni ? ' ^''""^"' ^"''""^ '^^ ^^'^ °^ '^^ y°""g ^^°°*i' 

 £«<«W.a.erf Alaternus. Clt. 1822. ShnfbTfeT ^"^ axillary, tern ; stigmas 2-3-cleft. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul, 



and the Nelligery mountains. R. catharticus, Hamilt. mss. 



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