TEREBINTH ACE^. IL Rhinocarpus. IIL Semecarpus. IV. Holigarxa. 



63 



to be applied with caution. The kernel, when fresh, has a most 



Var. y, ohtusiusculum (D. C prod. 2. p. 63.) leaves obovate, 



delicious taste, and abounds with a sweet milky juice. The blunt at both ends. Roxb. cor. 1. t. 12. Anacardium latifb- 



broken kernels are sometimes imported for mixing with old 

 Madeira wines, the flavour of which they improve. It is an in- 

 gredient in puddings, &c. &c. Wl 



lium, Lam. diet. 1. p. 139. 



P. S. Perhaps all these varieties are as many species. 

 These are lofty trees with spreading brandies. Leaves about 

 and in this state is not so proper for costive habits. Ground eighteen inches long, and about 4 or 5 broad. Flowers small, 

 with cacao it makes an excellent chocolate. When kept too of a greenish-yellow colour. Receptacle of the fruit when ripe 

 long it becomes shrivelled, and loses its flavour and best quali- yellow, about the size of the nut, which is black ; the cover or 



shell is composed of 2 laminae, the inner hard, the outer less so 

 and leathery, between them are cells, which contain the black, 

 corrosive, resinous juice, for which this nut has been long known; 

 the juice is of a pale milk-colour till perfectly ripe, when it 



ties. The thick oil of the shell tinges linen of. a rusty iron 

 colour, which can hardly be got out ; and if any wood be 

 smeared with the oil it prevents it from decaying. It would 

 therefore be an excellent preserver to house timbers. From the 



body of the tree is procured by tapping or incision a milky juice, becomes black. The wood of this tree is reckoned of no use, 

 which will stain linen of a deep black that cannot be washed out not only on account of its softness, but also because it contains 

 again. The tree also annually exudes from 5 to 10 or 12 pounds much acrid juice, which renders it dangerous to cut down and 

 weight of a fine semitransparent gum, similar to gum Arabic, work upon. The fleshy receptacles on which the seeds rest are 

 and not inferior to it in virtue or quality, which perhaps renders roasted in the ashes and eaten by the natives ; their taste is very 



like that of roasted apples : unroastcd they taste astringent and 



acrid, leaving a painful sensation on the tongue for some time. 



The kernels are rarely eaten. The green fruit, well pounded 



Cult. A light loamy soil answers the species of Cashew-nut^ into a pulp, makes good bird-lime. The pure, black, acrid juice 



and ripened cuttings, with their leaves on, root freely in sand of the shell is employed by the natives externally to remove 



it in some respects more valuable. 



. Cashew-nut or Western Anacardium. Fl. year. Clt. 1699. 

 Tree 16 feet. 



under a hand-glass, in heat. 



II. RHINOCA'RPUS (from fnv rhiny a snout, and Kapirog, 

 Jcarpos, a fruit ; fruit ending in a snout). H. B. et Kunth, nov. 

 gen. amer. 7. p. 5. t. 60L 



Lin. syst. Polygamia, DiceWa. Flowers polygamous. Pe- 

 tals oblong, reflexed. Stamens 1 0, very unequal, 2 or 4 bearing 

 anthers, the rest sterile, with the filaments connate at the base 

 and adnate to the petals. Style sublateral, crowned by an obtuse 

 stigma. Fruit oblique, compressed? 1 -seeded, on a thick fleshy 

 pedicel, — A tree with the habit of Anacardium^ having simple, 

 scattered, entire, obovate, exstipulate leaves, and a terminal 

 corymbose raceme of flowers, with racemose bracteate pedicels. 

 ^ 1 R. exce'lsa (Bert. ined. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c). Tj . S. Na- 

 tive of South America in St. Martha, Tobago, and New Granada. 

 Anacardium rhinocarpus, D. C. prod. 2. p. 62. 



Tall Rhinocarpus. Tree 140 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see last genus. 



rheumatic pains, aches, and sprains ; in tender constitutions it 

 often produces inflammation and swelling ; but where it has not 

 these effects it is an efficacious remedy. It is employed by the 

 Telinga physicians in the cure of almost every kind of venereal 

 complaint. It is in general use for marking cotton cloths ; 

 the colour is improved and prevented from running by a little 

 mixture of quick-lime and water. This juice is not soluble in 

 water, and is only difFusable in spirits of wine, for it soon falls 



to the bottom, unless the menstruum be previously alkalised. 



The solution is then pretty complete, and of a deep black colour. 

 It sinks in expressed oils, but unites perfectly with them : alka- 

 line lixivium acts upon it with no better success than plain water. 



Officinal Anacardium or Marking Fruit. Fl. July, Aug. CJt. 

 1820. Tree 50 feet. 



Ctdt^ For culture and propagation see Anacardium. 



ni. SEMECA'RPUS (from Gr)^tiov, semeion, a mark, and t. 282.°D. C. prod. 2. p. 63. 



IV. HOLIGA'RNA (from the appellation of the tree in the 

 language of Karnata). Roxb. hort. beng. p. 22. cor. 3. p. 79. 



KapTToc, harpos, a fruit ; use of juice). Lin. fil. suppl. 25. 

 y^unth gen. tereb. p. 5. D. C. prod. 2. p. 62.— Anacardium, 

 ^m. diet. 1. p. 139. ill. t. 208. Gsert. fruct. 40. 



IN. sYST. Polygamia^ Dicecia. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. 

 anU '^:^J^^^- ?^^^^s 5, oblong. Stamens 5, all bearing 



Petals 5, oblong. 

 Disk urceolar in the bottom of the flower. 



LiN. SYST, Polygamia^ Dicecia. Flowers polygamous, male 

 and female flowers in different divisions of the tree. Calyx 5- 

 toothed. Petals 5, broadest at the base, and somewhat concrete, 

 oblong, villous. Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla. Ovary 

 in the hermaphrodite flowers adnate to the calyx, 1 -celled, 1- 



Ovary 1, seeded. Nut olive-formed, ovate, somewhat compressed, con- 



taining a valvelcss nut. 



Albumen wanting. 



Embryo inverted. 

 Cotyledons thick. Radicle oblong, situated above the apex. 

 A tall Indian tree, with oblong, acuminated, feather-nerved, 

 entire, smooth, coriaceous leaves, which are crowded towards 

 the tops of the branches. Petioles short, bearing a bristle on 



^ssile, girded by a tumid ring, 1-celled ? Styles 3. Stigm 



Dtuse, emarginate. Nut compressed, heart-shaped, seated on 

 a depressed, thickened torus. Seed conforming to the nut. 

 ^mbryo inverted, with fleshy cotyledons and a 2-leaved plu- 



^J^ ^'J^'^" ^ small radicle lying at the top between the cotyle- , , „ -- 



8- Irees with entire feather-nerved leaves and axillary and each side. Panicles axillary. Flowers white. This genus is 

 terminal panicles of flowers. allied to Semecarpus. 



1 H. LONGiFOLiA (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 282.) Tj . S. Native of 



the East Indies, on the mountains of Malabar and Chittagong. 



Rheed. mal. 4. p. 20. t. 9. ex Roxb. and therefore referable 



to ManjTifcra racemosa, Lam. ill. 2. p. 113. The natives of 



Na- 



ish \ ^^^^^'^^^^ (Lin. fil. suppl. 1 82.) leaves oblong, blunt- 

 with^ ^"^o"s beneath, more or less covered on the nerves beneath 



tive Jf h P ^^^^" '• P^"'^^^ terminal, tomentose, T2 

 ofRr*' .'^14^^^ Indies, on mountains. Anacardium orientale 

 m^maie, AnacWium officinarum, G^rt. fruct. 1, p. 192. 

 xmn\^\'^' '^"^wj^i/'o^iMw (D. C. prod. 2. p. 62.) leaves taper- 

 lonfffM^^ ^^^^ ^^^^' Rumph. amb. 1. t. 70. Anacardium 

 1- p. 036 "'^ ^^™* ^^^^' '* P* ^^^* ^' Cassiivium, Spreng. syst. 



I 



^«r /3, cuneifhlium 

 •naped and ammln.f^^ 



1 



Malabar by incision extract an exceedingly acrid juice, whicl 

 they use as varnish. The nut is about the size of an olive, con- 

 taining between the lamina numerous cells filled with black, 

 rather thick, acrid fluid, as that of Scmec&rpus^ which is ^Iso 



used as varnish. 



Long-leaved Holigarna. Tree 60 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation sec Anac&rdium. 



