LEGUMINOS^. CLXIX. Vicia. 



323 



Manner. 



The beans at the same time answer for bands to tie tlie stock could be maintained without them : horses, cows 



the principal crop, and the produce in this way on an average of 

 seasons is considered at least double. A little rye sown with the 



sheep, hogs, all feed upon them : hogs are soiled upon them 

 without any other food. This plant maintains more stock than 



winter-tares, and a few oats with the spring-tares, not only serves any other plant whatsoever. Upon an acre, IJavies mamtanieU 



to support the weak climbing stems, but adds to the bulk of the 4 horses in much better condition than upon 5 acres of grass, 



crop, by growing up through the interstices. Upon 8 acres he has kept 12 horses and 5 cows for three months, 



In the choice of the seed. It is hardly possible to distinguish .without any other food whatever. No artificial food is equal 



the grain of the winter from that of the spring variety ; the for- to this excellent plant." This statement must be coupled with 



mer is said to be rather smaller and lighter coloured, but the the usual produce of turnips in Sussex, 10 or 15 tons per acre, 



only relianc/must be on the honesty of the vender. hence the superiority of tares to every other green crop. J ares 



The after culture given to tares, consists merely in pulling out cut green. Professor Thaer observes, draw no nourishment from 



the larrrer weeds, unless they are in rows, in which case the the soil whatever, while made into hay they afiord a fodder pre- 



horse or hand-hoe is applied; or intended for seed, in which ferred by cattle to peas-straw, and more nutritive than hay or 



case the weeding must be more particularly executed. 



f< ' ' ' 



any other herbage. 



jf the grain oj 



aally for sowing; but they 



the scythe, as the sickle by breaking asunder the Stalks, and tear- are also given to pigeons, by whom they are highly relislied, 

 ing up a number of the roots, renders the second crop of little and it is thought they would form a very good food lor poultry, 

 value. When sown early, they will sometimes produce three In Gernjany they^are given to horses, c^ws, sh^eep, ^^"^^^^^^wine. 

 mowings, but generally two. In reaping tares for seed, they 

 may be either mown or cut down with the sickle, and treated like 

 peas in drying, stalking, and threshing. 



f 



A crop is sometimes, but rarely, lost by the mildew. 



Common or Cultivated Vetch or Tare. Fl. May, July. 



Britain. PI. cl. 



kinds of live Stock, particularly by sheep ; and as the winter- 89 V. angustifolia (Roth. tent. fl. germ. p. JIU.; leaves 



sown variety comes very early in spring, the value of this rich cirrhiferous ; leaflets 10-12, linear-lanceolate, lower ones obcor- 

 food is then very considerable. The waste, however, in this 

 way must be very great, even though the sheep be confined by 



hurdles, and must be still greater when consumed by horses or 

 cattle. 



Tare crops are sometimes made into hay^ in which case great 

 attention is necessary in drying it properly. The best time for 

 cutting tares for hay is when the blossoms have begun to decline 

 and the tares begin to fall and lie flat. When well made the 

 '^y IS of the best and most nutritious properties. 



The produce of tares cut green is, according to Middleton, 

 10 to 12 tons the acre, which is a large crop, and when made 

 into hay about 3 tons the acre, which shows the disadvantage 

 of making these crops into hay. And it is found that the ^/^rz^o*- 

 'are crops are lighter and more likely to be injured by a dry 



season. 



/ Ae produce in seed is likewise found to be considerable, 

 ?^»ng by some stated to be at from 3 to 6 sacks, but in other 

 instances 40 bushels or more have been obtained from the acre. 



date, mucronulate, pilose, or smoothish ; stipulas semi-sagittately 

 toothed; flowers twin, sessile ; calycine segments linear, nearly 

 equal : legumes compressed, somewhat torulose, erectis'i, reti- 

 culated ; seeds globose, black. ©. H. Native of Europe, in 

 corn-fields. Engl. bot. suppl. 2614. V. sativa /3, Lin. 1. c. 

 Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 381— Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 31. 

 with a figure. V. Luganensis, Schleich. exsic. ex herb. D. C. 

 V. lathyroides, Huds. angl. ed. 2. p. 318. but not of Lin. 

 Flowers purplish-crimson. 



Narrorv-leaved Vetch. Fl. May, June. Britain. 1 1. cl. 



90 V. GLA^BRA (Schleich. ex pi. exsic.) leaflets oblong-ovate, 

 A i. ^4-^ o*^/i *vi.invr»nnt^ frlj^liroiis. Hs well as the lecfumes 



rather truncate and mucronate, glabrous, as well as the legumes 

 and calyxes ; the rest as in V. satha. ©. H. Native of Swit- 

 zerland, in fields. V. sativa, var. e, glabra, Ser. in U. C. 

 prod. 2. p. 361. Flowers purple. 



Glabrous Vetch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. cl 

 91 V. BoBVRTii(Forst. in Lin. trans, vol. 16. p. 442.) leaves 

 cirrhiferous, rather hairy ; leaflets 6-7 linear, lower ones obcor- 

 date ; stipulas small, narrow, toothed, with a pale depression 



©. H. Native of England, in grassy pastures, on a chalky or 

 gravelly soil ; in Essex ; on Shotover-hill, Oxfordshire ; in Stow 

 wood ; in Hyde-park ; among the grass in Richmond Gardens ; 

 also in Scotland. V. angustifolia. Smith, eng. fl. 3. p. 382. V. 



/3, Pers. V. lathyroides, Dicks. V. lathyroides, [3,. 



"shing food for all sorts of cattle. Cows give more butter beneath ; flowers solitary, nearly sessile ; legume nearly up- 

 when fed with this plant than with any other food whatsoever, rjght.^narrow, downy^; finaUy ^•a<^l^'f|^;'^;^f_^_g'«^^"'j';^^^^°^J;; 

 orses thrive better upon tares than they do upon clover or " -^^ • r. t:-.. i i „..„ «-.cf„^«c. 



'■ye-grass ; and the same remark is applicable to the fattening 



ot cattle, who feed faster upon this article of green fodder than 



pon any ]<ind of grass or esculent plant whatever. Danger 



often anses from their eating too much, especially when the angustifolia, /3, Pers. V. lathyroides. l^.cks. v . iatnyroiue», p, 

 {^••e IS podded, as colics and other stomach disorders are apt to Huds. V. sativa, y. Smith, fl. bnt. //O. Flower, cnm.on, 

 gg P'"oa«ced by the excessive loads which they devour, in con- 



quence perhaps of the great quantity of fixed air contained in 

 wonW ?ii ^^'•^^" ^''^ ^"^^* ^^^ ^^^'^ succulent, fewer dangers 

 If th \ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^'^^^ mixed with oat-straw in the stalls, 

 field ^ ^.^ ^^^ *^"^ green and given to live stock, either on the 

 great "'^ '"l ^^^^ ^old-yards, there is perhaps no green crop of 

 nerb " ^ p ' ^^^ ^"y better calculated to give a succession of 



fav^^^M "" ^^^y to, November. The winter-sown tare, in 

 first s- s'tuation, is ready for cutting before clover. The 

 or rnad""^ "°^ comes in after the clover must be all consumed 

 proJiiP^ '"^" ^^y* ^"^ *^^^ successive spring sowings give a 

 »nath of T""^ "°""^^""S for ^^^^ '^*g<^'" an™als than the after 



clover, and may afford green food at least a month 



" *' tare 



a 



Jo 



crops a e county of Sussex, Young observes, 



re of such use and importance, that 



white at the keel and lower edge of the wings. 



Bobart's Vetch. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. cl. 



92 V. leucospe'rma (Moench. meth. 148.) leaves cirrhiferous; 

 leaflets 10-12, obcordate, pilose or glabrous ; stipulas semi- 

 sagittately toothed ; flowers usually twin, sessile ; calyx cylin- 

 drical, with linear-lanceolate, nearly equal segments ; legumes 

 somewhat torulose; seeds globose, white, or yellow. 0. H. 

 Native of Europe. V. alba, Moench. meth. 148. Flowers 



.white or purple. ^, , ^ r.i i 



White-seeded Vetch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. PI. cl. 



93 V. GRANDiFLORA (Scop. fl. cam. 2. p. C5. t. 42.) leaves 

 cirrhiferous ; leaflets obcordate, mucronate, 10-12, approximate ; 

 stipulas ovate; flowers usually twin, inclined; calycme scg- 



ments nearly equal, length of tube; vexillum oboyate, mucro- 

 nulate ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong, com- 



T T 2 



