AMYGDALACE^. V. Cerasus. 



507 



A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in July. Does well as a general Lucullus in 73 A.C. from a town in Pontus in Asia, 

 standard. called Cerasus, whence the generic name, and was introduced to 



I 



14 Polton gean. 



15 White gean. 



16 Guigne d^Argovie, Tokeli seller » 



17 Guigne ecarlate. Fruit red, oval, middle-sized. Flesh 



firm. A worthless sort, ripening in July. 

 18 Guigne blanche^ Lois, inDuham. ed. nov. 5. p. 13. no. 7. Conquest, or for some centuries after it, yet Warton has proved 



Britain 120 years afterwards. Many suppose that the c/^<?rm\v 

 introduced by the Romans into Britain were lost, and that they 

 were re-introduced in the time of Henry VIII. by Richard 

 Haines, the fruiterer to that king. But though "we have no 

 proof that clierries were in England at the time of the Norman 



p.l66. t. 1. f. 2. 



20 Guigne rose hdtive, 



21 Guigne rouge hdtive, Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 12. 



no. 6. 



22 Guigne grosse noire. 



23 Guigne grosse rouge 

 Duham. arb. fr. 1. p. 162. 



24 Guigne jaune. 



25 Guigne noir. Resembles the black heart. 

 2(5 Guigne petite blanche. 

 27 Guigne petite rouge. Worthless. 



by a quotation from Lidgate, a poet who wrote about or before 



1415, that the hawkers in London were wont to expose che 

 for sale, in the same manner as is now done, early \n the season. 

 The tree is now very generally cultivated, both as a wall and 

 standard fruit, and has been forced for upwards of two centuries- 

 Use. — The cherry is a refreshing summer fruit, highly grate- 

 fruit rouge tardify ful at the dessert, and affording pics, tarts, and other useful and 



elegant preparations in cookery and confectionery. Steeping 

 cherries in brandy qualifies and improves its strength and fla- 

 vour ; a fine wine is made from the juice, and a spirit is dis- 

 tilled from the fermented pulp. The gum which exudes from 

 the tree is equal to gum arabic ; and Hasselquist relates, that 

 more than 100 men, during a siege, were kept alive for nearly 

 2^ Guigne precoce, guigne de PentecotCt Lois, in Duham. ed. two months without any other sustenance than a little of this 



gum taken sometimes into the mouth and suffered gradually to 

 dissolve. Cherry wood is hard and tough, and is used by the 

 turner, flute-maker, and cabinet-maker. 



Varieties. — The Romans had 8 sorts : red, black, tender 

 fleshed, hard fleshed, small, bitter flavoured, and a dwarf sort. 

 Tusser, in 1573, mentions cherries red and black. Parkinson 

 mentions 34 sorts, Ray 24, and Miller has 18 sorts, to which 

 he says others are continually adding,* differing httle from those 

 he has described. The catalogue of the Luxembourg contains 

 42, and the catalogue of the London Horticultural Society, pub- 

 lished last February, 219 sorts, the greater part of which are 



nov, 5. p.^ 12. no. 5. f. 15. 

 SO Guigne de dure peauy Lois. I. c. p. 14. no. 13. t. 16. f. D. 



31 Guigne a petit fruit noir, Duham. arb. 1. p. 160. 1. 1. f. 2. 



32 Guigne bigandelle, Le Berr. trait, jard. 1. p. 231. ex. 

 Lois. 1. c. 



33 Guigne ou cerise cceur de poule, Calv. pepin. 2. p. 139. ex 

 Lois. I. c. 



34 Hertfordshire black. Fruit black, obtuse, heart-shaped, 

 tlesh tender. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening about the 

 middle of July. Does well as a standard. 



Heaum 



[arge, elongated, finely 



(S 



trees ; leaves thin, not well known. 



-b-j viuii^atcu, uneiy serruiaiea ; nesn or iruii not oriicie. 

 lo this variety belong the following sorts of cherry : 



1 Heaumier blanc, Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 17. no. 28. 



2 Heaumier rouge, Lois. 1. c. p. 1 7. no. 29. t. 19. B. 

 5 Heaumier noir, Lois. I.e. p. 17. no. 30. t. 19. f. A. 



^^r. y^pendula (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 536.) branches fruit globose, depressed, pale red, generally hardly depressed at 

 ^'^"^ous. — AllsaintSy weeping cherry, cerise de la Tout-saint, the suture ; flesh white, more or less acid ; peduncles rather 



The French divide i\\e\r cherries into griottcs, or those belong- 

 ing tojthe present species ; bigarreau, or hard-fruited cherries, 

 the Cerasus durdcina ; Mcrisiers, or wild cherries ; the Cerasus 

 avium, and guignes or geans, the Cerasus Juliana. 

 The varieties of the present species are as follow : 

 Var. a, Montmorencyana (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 536.) 



pendul 



Martin 



small, 



m Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 15. no. 16.). Fruit round, red, 



This sort is of 



stnall, watery, ripening in July and October. This 

 * tie value as a fruit, being more curious than useful. 



^t. Julian, Guigniers, or Gean-cherry. Tree 20 to 40 feet. 

 ^ ^ C. Capronia NA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 482.) small trees, with 

 ^preading branches ; flowers rising with the leaves ; calyx large, 

 ^^atnpanulate ; peduncles usually thick, stiffish, not long ; fruit 

 g obose, depressed, with the suture hardly depressed ; flesh soft, 

 ore or less acid and styptic ; epicarp not adhering to the flesh ; 

 jone roundish. Tj . H. Native of Europe- C. vulgaris, Mill. 



d fruits 



this species containing a greater number of the best cherries 



an any of the other species, we have given the history and 



midi?^*'^^ of all kinds of cherries under it. The cherry is a 



^Qle-sized tree, with ash-coloured, shining, roundish branches, 



^h serrated leaves, and white flowers, produced in umbellate 



»cles, and succeeded by a red drupe with an acid pulp. The 



r"L ^"d flower-buds are distinct, the former terminal, the latter 



joaucea from the sides of the 2 or more years' old branches. 



^ cultivated cherry was brought to Italy by the Roman 



long; leaves ovate, acuminated. To this variety appertain the 



following sorts of cherry : 



1 Adam's crown. Fruit pale red, round, heart-shaped, mid- 

 dle-sized. Flesh tender. A first-rate dessert fruit, worthy of 

 cultivation for its earliness, being ripe about the beginning of July. 



2 Arch-duke, late arch-duke, late duke. 



3 D'Aremherg. Fruit middle-sized, dark red, roundish. 

 Flesh tender. A first-rate dessert fruit, ripening beginning of 

 July, allied to the May-duke. Does either as a standard or 



wall fruit. 



4 Belle de Choisy, ambree de Choisy, cerise de La Palembre, 

 cerise doucelle, grioltier de Palembre (Lois, in Duham. ed. now 

 p. 25. no. 20. t. 11.). Fruit very handsome and good, large, 

 red, round. Flesh tender and sweet. A first-rate dessert fruit, 

 ripening beginning and middle of August. Answers well either 

 as a wall or standard fruit. 



5 Carnation, English hearer oi some, cerise 7iouvelle d'An* 

 gleterre, cerise de Portugal, griotte de Villenes, Gnindoux rouge 

 (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 22. no. 14. t. 7.)i grosse ce- 

 rise rouge pale (Nois. jard. fr. p. 20. no. 17. t. 5J), griottier 

 rouge pdle, cerise a gros fruit pale (Duham. arbr. fr. \. p. 182. 

 t. 9.). Fruit large, round, pale red ; flesh tender. A first-rate 



sort, ripening in July. 



6 English bearer. Fruit large, dftrk red, round. 



3x2 



Flesh 



