532 



ROSACEiE. VIIL Rueus. 



white Dutch among currants; and although some may be found frosts immediately follow, and partially kill the plants; there* 



nearly to equal them^ yet it is doubtful whether they are yet ex- fore it is safer to shorten the tender young shoots early in the 



ceeded by any. spring, but let it not be deferred till the buds are making new 



Propagation. The varieties can be perpetuated by the young shoots, as that would weaken the root. Cut out all the old dead 



suckers, which spring from the root in spring and summer; stems close to the bottom, and having selected from the strongest 



- when these have completed one year's growth they are proper to young shoots on each main stool 3-4 or 5 to be preserved for a 



detach with roots for planting, either in the autumn or the next succession of bearers, cut away the superabundant shoots close 



spring in February or March, but never later than the middle of to the ground. Let each of the shoots retained be pruned at the 



April. These new plants will bear some fruit the same year, top below the weak bending part, cutting them in smaller 

 and furnish a succession of strong bottom shoots for full bearing 

 the second season. 



New varieties are easily raised from seed, the length of 5 or 6 feet. 



plants to about 3 or 4 feet in length, and in the large sorts to 



and they will come into bearing the second year. 

 Soil and site* 



irregH 



larly, or straggle much asunder, they may be tied together at 

 the top, and thus the strong ones will support the weaker, or the 

 taller varieties may have the support of stakes. Prune plants 

 against a wall or trellis in the same manner as directed above, 

 and train the shoots to rise a little diagonally. After pruning, 

 having cleared away the cuttings, dig the ground between and 

 about the plants. To turn in a little rich compost will conduce 

 to plentiful and fine returns ; lay it at the, extremities of die 

 When rasjjhcrries are^cultivated on roots, and deeper as the plantation gets older. Eradicate all 



All the varieties will succeed in any common 

 mould, trenched about 2 feet deep, and sufficiently manured ; 

 but the soil in which the rasjiherry bush prospers most and bears 

 the finest fruit, is in a light rich loam. Allot the main crop a 

 free exposure to the sun, that the berries may ripen in perfec- 

 tion. Be careful to favour the double bearers with a dry soil, 

 ^nd a sheltered sunny situation, to give the second crop every 

 aid in coming to maturity 



a large scale it is best to keep them in plantations by them^ 

 selves. 



Set them in rows from 4 to 6 feet asunder, as the 



bushes are of the smaller or larger kinds, and by 3 or 4 feet in 



the row. Scattered bushes may either occupy a small row 



lengthwise along the back part of a border, or stand in detaclied 

 stools. 



straggling suckers. 

 leaking the crop. 



^' The fruit of the diflferent varieties comes 



As it 



in from the end of June or July till October or later. 



ripens it should be timely gathered for immediate use, because 



when fully ripe it will not keep above 2 or 3 days before it 



, .. . , 1 » Aber- 



^^^ ^L ^ ^L JL ~ 



at 10 or 15 feet distance. Select sorts are frequently moulds or becomes maggoty, and unfit to be used, 

 trained against walls, stakes, or espaliers, from the most sunny crombie. 



to the most shady aspect, for early and late fruit of improved 



/3 



growth and flavour. Neill says " the raspberry bush grows stems suffruticose, bushy, humble. 



freely in any good garden soil; but it is the better for being . Raspberry. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



slightly moist. Although the place be inclosed by trees, and 

 even sliglitly shaded, the plant succeeds. In an inclosed and 

 well shehered quarter, with rather a damp soil, containing a pro- 



flowered ; pedicels and calyxes prickly ; calycine segments 

 ovate, acute, mucronate, tomentose, shorter than the corolla. 



Flowers red. 



T2.H. 



Men 



Native of North-west America. 



27 R. Menzie'sii (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 179.) stems pro- 

 cumbent, terete, prickly, glabrous ; branches short, pubescently 



^ , o iT- tomentose, prickly; leaves pinnately trifoliate; leaflets broad, 



portion of peat moss, we have seen very great crops of large ovate, slightly lobed, unequally serrated, on short petioles, hairy 

 and well flavoured berries produced ; for example at Melville- above, paler and very hairy beneath ; panicle terminal, few- 

 liouse, the seat of the earl of Leven, in Fifeshire." Haynes also 

 recommends well manured bog-earth, and a situation naturally 

 or artificially shaded. 



New plantations. Raspberry bushes are in their prime about 

 the third and fourth year, and, if well managed, continue in per- 

 fection 5 or 6 years ; after which they are apt to decline in growth, 

 and the fruit to become small, so that a successive plantation 

 should be provided in time. Select new plants from vigorous 

 shoots, in full perfection as to bearing. 



Summer culture. Keep them free from weeds during the" 

 summer by hoeing between the rows, at the same time loosen 

 the earth about the plants ; under this management the plants, if 

 tolerably strong, will both yield a moderate crop the first sea- 



Shrub procumbent. 

 28 R. macrope'talus (Doug. mss. in Hook, fl. bor. amer. p- 

 178. t. 59.) hairy; stem tall, shrubby; branches angular, slen- 

 der, elongated ; petioles, peduncles, calyxes, and ribs of leaves 

 beneath beset with bristly prickles ; leaflets 8, ovate, acute, deep- 

 ly-lobed, serrated, membranous, terminal one on a long petiole, 

 but the lateral ones are on short petioles ; stipulas lanceolate ; 

 peduncles 2-flowered ; calycine segments long-acuminated, about 

 equal in length to the petals, which are oblong and white. 7 • 

 H. Native of North-west America, on the banks of rivers and 



Flowers white- 



son, and supply young stems for bearing in greater plenty and in low woods in the valley of the Columbia, 

 perfection the following season, and so from year to year the Habit of R, spectdbilis» 



summer culture should be repeated. As the plants get esta- 

 blished let all straggling suckers between the rows, or from the 

 extreme roots of single shoots, be cleared out by hoeing, or 

 twisted oflf to admit the air and sun freely to the fruit. The 

 fruit of the raspberry may be obtained of a very large size, other 

 circumstances being favourable, by destroying all the suckers; 



/5 . - „ , 



Long-petaltcd Bramble. Shrub. 



§ 2. Leaves with 3-5 leaflets, disposed in a palmate manner. 



• 



Shrtibby. Stipulas petiolar, linear. 



but in this way, the plant being destroyed, a double plantation is 29 R. lacinia'tus (Willd. hort. berol. t. 82,) stem nearly 



' ' , , , « . ..... ^j^^ ^^^^^ compressed, recurved, 



wanted, one to grow only suckers, and the other fruit. 



Pruning and winter dressing. 



, auu lilt; »jiiic£ ^luii. ^ tciCLcj priCKics auaceu at lue oase, i:uiu^i^o^^^9 i u Iv 



o- It is requisite every winter or strong; leaves with 3-5 leaflets; leaflets dissected and sharply 



spring to cut out the dead stems, and to thin and regulate the serrated, puberulous beneatli ; flowers in loose panicles ; caly- 



successional young shoots. This annual prvming may be per- cine segments lanceolate, tomentose, and prickly, somewha 



formed any time during open weather from November till the 



beginning of April. When kitchen garden crops are cultivated 



between the rows it is most convenient to do this as soon as the 



old bearers begin to decay. As to pruning indiscriminately in 



the open weather of winter, it sometimes happens that severe JaggedAeaxed Bramble. Fl 



terete ; prickles dilated 



-ith 3-5 leaflets ; leaflets d 

 ilous beneatli ; flowers in 1 



foliaceous and reflexed at the apex ; petals obovate-cuneated, - 

 lobed at the apex; akenia roundish, black. It- H. ^V^'^, 



Flowers white or 



country unknown. 



rose-coloured. 



Wats. dend. brit. 69. 



, Sept. Clt. ? Sh. straggling- 



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