588 



ROSACE/E. XXII. Rosa. 



instances. In France and Italy the usual mode is to form a plan- alternate positions on the upper 6 or 12 inches of the stem, 



tation of double and semidouble sorts, mixed indiscriminately, Every stock is supported by a rod, which should reach a foot or 



and take the result of promiscuous impregnation ; it is also done eighteen inches higher than the situation of the bud ; to this rod 



in some of the nurseries of this country. The hips generally the stock is tied, and afterwards the shoots from the buds, 



ripen in October or November. The seeds do not vegetate till which are otherwise liable to be blown out by high winds. The 



the second season after sowing. The first year, instead of sowing Paris nurserymen being supplied with stronger stocks than can 



them, they may be preserved among sand, or the hips entire may readily be procured in England, and having a better climate and 



be so preserved a full year, when the husks will be perfectly 

 rotten, and the seed being separated and sown in February will 

 come up in May or June followiner. The seeds should be sown 



more experience in the culture of roses, excel us in this depart- 

 ment of rose propagation, and their standards afford an article 

 of commerce with other countries. Their common' plants raised 



in soft soil, and in a shady situation, or they may be covered with by layers are also in extensive demand, but in these we equal if 



earth from a ;5 to |- an inch, according to the size of the seeds. 

 Early in the second spring they may be planted in rows a foot 



not surpass them. Fine collections of standard roses may be 

 seen in Lee's nursery at Hammersmith, in the Count de Vande's 



or 2 feet apart every way, according to the size of the sorts. garden at Bayswater, in the duchess of Dorset's at Knowle, and 



Here they may remain till they flower, which varies in the dif- in various other places. 



ferent sorts from the third to the fifth year, but most commonly Final situation. — No species of rose, wild or cultivated, thrives 



they flower the fourth summer. 



B?/ layers, — The common mode is to lay down the young 



well in or near large towns, on account of the smoke or con- 

 fined air. The yellow and Austrian roses, R. lutea and /?. hU 



shoots of the preceding summer late in autumn or early in the color are difficult to flower in any situation. Roses are gener- 

 succeeding spring, and then, with the exception of the moss-rose^ ally planted in the front of shrubberies and in borders ; they 



are also planted by themselves in rose gardens or rosaries, m 



common box or other 



and one or two others, they form rooted plants by the next 



autumn. But it is now found, that if the same shoots are laid groups on lawn or gravel, either with 



down when the plant is beginning to flower in July, they will, edgings, or with edgings of wire, in imitation of basket-work ; 



with a few exceptions, produce roots, and be fit to remove the these last are called baskets of roses ; the ground inclosed m 



same autumn, by which a whole year is gained. Such sorts as the basket margin is made convex, so as to present a greater 



do not root in one year must be left on the stools till the second surface to the eye, and increase the illusion ; the shoots of the 



autumn ; but layers made when the shoot is in a growing state, stronger sorts are layered or kept down by pegs till they strike 



and furnished with healihy leaves, root much more freely than root, so that the points of the shoots furnished with buds appear 



shoots of ripe wood. After the plants are removed from the only above the soil, which is sometimes covered with moss or 



stools they are planted in nursery rows, and in a year the bios- small shells ; under this treatment the whole surface of the 



som buds, having been carefully pinched off from the first lay- basket becomes in two or three years covered with rose-buds and 



ing down, they will be fit for removal to their final destination. leaves, of one or of various sorts. Where one of the larger free 



The stools are then to be pruned, and the soil stirred and en- growing sorts is employed, as the moss rose, or any of the 1 ro- 



riched. vins' varieties, one plant may be trained so as to cover a surface 



By suckers. — Many of the commoner sorts admit of being of many square yards. Where different sorts are introduced in 



rapidly multiplied in this way, and the plants obtained may be the same basket, they should be as much as possible assimilate 

 planted in their hnal destination at once. 



By cuttings. — Most sorts might be propagated in this way 

 from cuttings of young wood, cut at a joint where it is beginning 

 to ripen, and planted in sand and vegetable mould under a hand- 



glass, 

 easily 



But this mode is only adopted with such sorts as strike 

 as the Indian and Chinese kinds. 



This mode of propagating roses is adopted only 

 with the rarer kinds, and such as are difficult to propagate by 



By budding. 



in size of leaves and flowers and habits of growth, and as 

 different as possible in the colours of their flowers. By rnixing 

 small-flowered with large-flowered sorts, the beauty of the ter- 

 mer is lost without adding to the effect of the latter. In rosa- 

 ries commonly but one plant of a sort is introduced, and the 

 varieties w^hich most resemble each other are placed togetheis 

 by which their distinctive differences are better seen, parti- 

 cular compartments are often devoted to one species- as 



the 



layers ; for it is found that plants so originated, even though on Scotch^ Chinese, yellorv, hurnet-leavedy &c. which has an exct-^ 

 „* n« ^r *u„ t,„„,i: ._ _.._ i __ j.._i-i_ .i i i_„^ ro _. /- • /> i n ;« fTiA rpntre is 



stocks of the hardier sorts, are less durable than such as are lent effect, sometimes a 

 raised by any of the other modes. But the chief use of budding 

 in the culture of the rose is to produce standard-roses, or to pro- 

 duce several sorts from the same tree or bush. Standard-roses 



piece of rock-work in the centre 



other occasions they are 



covered with creeping roses, and on v,w.x.. - 



trained to trellis-work, which forms a fence or hedge ox ros 

 .* — .^.w.«- .V...O .tv..w ...^ oaitit Lxt<^ v/i .L.W0.1. .^.,«iiv*aivt-*^o^o Touud the whole. In this hedge standard roses are sometim ^ 

 are a modern invention, it is generally supposed of the Dutch, introduced at regular distances ; a grove of standards is a 



frequently formed in the centre of the rosary, and soitietime 

 they are introduced here and there in the beds. Standard roi» 

 however, have certainly the best effect in flower bordere, ^ 

 when completely detached on a lawn; their sameness ot lor^^ 



and that form very compact and bushy, P^^y^"*^ ^"^'"l . "^^^ 

 grouping well, either among themselves or with other o je ^^ 

 Their beauty consists in their singularity, as rose plants- an 



first carried to Paris, and about 30 years ago to England. They 

 are highly artificial objects of great beauty, and form magnifi- 

 cent ornaments to parterres and borders. The stocks are either 

 of the tree rose, Rosa villosof or of any sorts of wild roses, 

 which cri'ow to a larsre size. They are budded at different 



glow 



heights, from 3 to 7 feet, but commonly between 5 and 6 from 

 the ground. A stock in the Paris garden, which carries several 

 sorts, has a naked stem of nearly 15 feet high, and there are 

 others at Malmaison and at Grand Trianon of equal height. 

 The stocks are procured from woods and copses, and after being 

 planted in nursery lines are often budded the same summer, 

 sometimes in summer by the scalope mode of budding, Vceil puis^ 

 sant of the French ; and never later than the succeeding spring 



be»t 



advantage, they require to be seen singly, or in succession, 

 is the case where thev occur as single objects on a lawn, 



meets 



the centre, or here and there among groups of flowers 

 lines or avenues along flower-walks. 



Soil. — Most snecies of the rose, in their wild state, J 



or in 

 or in 



or summer by the common mode. Generally two buds are in- sandy and rather poor soil, excepting such as are natn 

 •erted on opposite sides of the stock, but often 3-4 or a dozen in woods, where the soil is richer and coi^paratively moist. 



But 



