650 



POMACEiE. X. Pyrus. XI. Cydonia. 



villi above. Tj. H. Native of Siberia. Malus tonient6sa, pomiforme, Cyd. vulgaris a maliformis, Mill. diet. no. 2. Fruit 

 Dutn. Cours. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 438. Said to be allied to P. bac- nearly globose, of tbe same quality as the last. 



cata^ but the flowers as well as the fruit are unknown. 



Tomentose Pyrus. Tree. 



58 P. rubicu'nda (Hoffinans. verz. 1824. p. 192.) leaves 

 ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; pome like that of A Malus^ yellow 

 on one side, and red on the other, covered with a kind of 

 glaucous bloom. Tj 



Tree. 



Native country unknown 



Reddish Pyrus 



Cult. All the species of Pyrus are either trees or large 

 shrubs. They are both useful and ornamental ; free growers 

 thrive in any soil, and may be planted in shrubberies, or to stand 

 singly. They may be raised from seeds, cuttings, layers, or 

 by engrafting the rarer on the commoner sorts. 



XI. CYDO'NIA (so named from being a native near Cydon 

 in Candia). Tourn. inst. G32. t, 405. Pers, ench, 2. p. 40. D. C. 

 prod. 2. p. 638. — Pyrus species of Lin. and others. 



8 Pear-shaped quince^ coignassier pyriforme. Cyd. vulgaris 

 y oblonga, Mill, diet. no. 1 . Leaves oval or oblong ; fruit pear- 

 shaped, of the same quality as the two last species. 



4 Portugal quince^ coignassier de Portugal* Cyd. vulgaris, 

 var. /3 Lusitanica, Mill. diet. no. 3. This is a good sort, and 

 distinct from the preceding kinds ; it does not become, however, 

 except in very favourable seasons, of so deep an orange ; its 

 leaves are broader ; its growth less contracted, consequently it is 



the best sort for grafting pears upon. 



5 Orange quince. This and the following possess characters 



differing so little from what may be found among sub-varieties 

 of the others, that they are scarcely worth distinguishing. 



6 Large-fruited quince, coignassier ^ gros fruit. 

 Propagation. — Generally by layers, but also by cuttings, 



and approved sorts may be perpetuated by grafting. In pro- 

 pagating for stocks nothing more is necessary than removing the 



LT ^ t ' n A '• i-Hi r ^ r /£* o 4 \ PaiTtUUli* lUF SLOCKS llUlXlJllifc< IIJUIC IS llCUCSSai V man iciiJV'wii^ .."^ 



IN. SYST. Icosandria. rentarrynia. Lalyx 5-cleit (i. 84. a.;. f° i.r ^ii i. ^J.,^,. ,.i««« cfom iq 



,.oi. ^.i.:..i.. fc 0. ;n G.?i... ..... /f Q^ A ^ ^ C..1.0 i lower shoots from the larger, so as to preserve a clean stem as 



/.). Stamens erect (f. 84. b.). Styles 5. 

 Pome closed (f.84. g*.), 5-celled ; cells cartilaginous, many-seeded. 



Seeds covered with mucilaginous pulp. — Trees, with undivided, 

 quite entire, or serrated leaves, and large flowers, which are 

 either solitary, or few together in a kind of umbel. 



Sect. L Cyd6nia (see genus for derivation). Lindl. in Lin. 

 trans. 13. p. 97. Lobes of calyx rather foliaceous, and serru- and a very few trees are sufficient for any family. 

 lated. Stamens disposed in a single series. 



high as the graft ; but for fruit-bearing trees it is necessary to 

 train the stem to a rod till it has attained 4 or 5 feet in height, 

 and can support itself upright. 



Soil and site. — The quince prefers a soft moist soil, and rather 

 shady or at least a sheltered situation. It is seldom planted but 

 as a standard in the orchard, or to grow singly in the garden, 



1 C. vulga'ris (Pers. ench. 2. 

 p. 40.) leaves ovate, blunt at the 

 base, quite entire, clothed with 

 white tomentum beneath, as well 

 as the calyxes and pedicels ; 

 flowers few, in a kind of umbel. 

 ^ • H. Native of the south of 

 Europe, among rocks and. in 

 hedges. Pyrus Cydonia, Lin. spec. 



FIG. 84. 



G87. 



Woodv 



Quince-tree is low, much 



med. hot. t. 79. Cydonia Euro- 

 pae^a, Savi, alb. tosc. 1. p. 90. 

 The 



branched, and generally crooked 

 and distorted. The flowers are 

 large, white, or pale red, and ap- 

 pear in May. The fruit varying 

 in shape in the different varieties, 

 globular, oblong, ovate or obovate ; it has a peculiar and rather 

 pleasant apple-smell, and an austere taste. It is mentioned by 

 Tusser in 1753, but has never been very much cultivated. 

 Use. — The fruit is not eaten raw, but stewed, or in pies or 



Time of plantings the mode of bearing, and all the other par- 

 ticulars are the same as for the apple and pear. 



Common Quince. Fl. May, June. Ch. 1573. Tree 20 feet. 



2 C. SuMBOsHiA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 237.) 

 leaves cordate, oval, mucronate, quite entire, clothed with white 

 tomentum beneath, as well as the branchlets and calyxes ; sti* 

 pulas elliptic, acute, glandularly serrated; peduncles solitary, 

 terminal, tomentose ; calycine segments oblong ; pome attenu- 

 ated at the base. F? . H. Native of Nipaul, where it is called 

 in the Nawarice language Sumboshi'swa^ and Bhee in that ot 

 Sirinigur. Very like Cydonia vulgaris. 



Sumboshi or Nipaul Quince. FL May, June. Tree 20 feet. 



S C. Sine'nsis (Thouin, in ann. mus. 19. p. 145. t. 8 and t. 9.) 

 leaves ovate, acuminated at both ends, acutely serrated, when 

 young rather villous, but in the adult state glabrous, as well as 

 the calvxes ; stipulas oblong-linear, glandularly serrated, h* 

 H. Native of China. Pyrus Sinensis, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 452. 

 Flowers white. Fruit egg-shaped, large, hard, and nearly dryi 

 greenish. Seeds about 30 in each cell, many of which are abor- 

 tive. This appears to be an intermediate plant between the last 

 and the following. 



Chinese Quince. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet. 



tarts along with apples it is much esteemed. In confectionary Sect. II. Ch^nome^les (from x«i^<^> chaino, to open, ana 



it forms an excellent marmalade and syrup. Wl 



//T^Xov, melony an apple; when the plant was first so called, the 



flat and have lost their flavour, Forsyth observes, a quince or fruit examined was split at the top, from some cause or other ; 

 two in a pie or pudding will add a quickness. In medicine the perhaps from heat). Lindl. 1. c. Lobes of calyx short, obtuse, 



expressed juice, repeatedly taken in small quantities, is said to 

 be cooling, astringent, and stomachic, &c. A mucilage, pre- 

 pared from the seeds, was formerly much in use, but is now sup- 

 planted by the simple gums. The fruit taken in small quantity 

 is supposed to restrain vomiting and alvine fluxes. In nursery- 



ants 



^f 



follow 



1 Common quince^ coignassier commun. This and the two 



following are often confused with each other; it is very pro- which is also very ornamental. 

 bable that from seeds of either sort varieties have been, and still " " ~ 



may be, obtained, some of which would produce apple-shaped, 



and some near-shaned fruit. 



and quite entire. Stamens inserted in 2 series. 



4 C. Japo'nica (Pers. ench. 2. p. 40.) leaves oval, somewhat 

 cuneated, crenate-serrated, quite glabrous on both surfaces, a 

 well as the calyxes ; stipulas reniform, serrated. \ • H. wativ 

 of Japan. Pj^rus Japonica, Thunb. fl.jap. p. 207. Curt. bot. 

 mag. t. 622. Moris, fl. consp. t. 1. p. Chaenomeles Japonic^ 

 Lindl. 1. c. Flowers deep scarlet, solitary, or 2-3 together. 3 



ornamental plant. There is also a white flowered variety, 



Q 



species 



Appte'shapc 



life 



s 



blossom. The three first species answer well to be plantea 

 standards singly in any conspicuous situation. The C Japoni 



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