1 



652 



CALYCANTHEiE. I. Calycanthus. IL Chimonanthus. 



the throat of the calyx ; the inner ones sterile. Anthers adnate, 

 bursting longitudinally outwardly by 2 cells. Carpels numerous 

 (f. 85. 6.), inserted on the inside of the tube of the calyx, as in 



+ 



Bosa^ 1-celled, biovulate, only one of the ovula coming to maturity, 

 and therefore 1 -seeded from abortion. Styles terminal, distinct, 



Far. /3, ovatus ; leaves roundish-ovate. Ait. 1. c. 



Florid or Common American Allspice. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 



exserted from the tube of the calyx : stigmas simple. Carpels beneath. 



1726. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



2 C. fe'rtilis (Walt. car. p. 

 151.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu- 

 minated, glaucous and pubescent 



Native of Ca- 



FIG. 85. 



LA\! 



vi.n. 



of akenia inclosed in the fleshy tube of the calyx, 1 -seeded ; the rolina, on the mountains. Lindl. 

 pericarp rather corneous. Seed conformed to the cavity of the 



hot. 



reg. 



t. 404. 



akenia, ascending, having the hylum nearly opposite the cicatrice 

 of the pericarp. Embryo exalbuminous, straight, with convo- 

 lute cotyledons, and an inferior radicle. — This order is composed 



Guimp. abb. 

 holz. t. 5. C. glaucus, Willd. 

 enum. p. 559. D. C. prod. S, 

 p, 2, Andr. bot, rep. 539. Flowers 

 fertile, ofa lurid purple colour, but 



of beautiful hardy carly-flowenng shrubs, with simple, exstipu- with very^little scent (f. 85.). 



late, scabrous, feather-nerved leaves. Flowers yellowish, sweet- 

 scented, or lurid purple, hermaphrodite, solitary, pedicellate, 

 terminal, or in the axils of the leaves of the present or pre- 



Var. /3, ohlongifblhis (Nutt. 

 gen. amer. 1. p. 312.) leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate, elongated. Tj . H. Na- 

 tive on the mountains of North 



ceding year 



The wood, leaves, and flowers of Calycanthus Carolina. 



i^er/«7e- flowered American All- 



spice. 

 3 C. 



Jloridus have a scent resembling the quince, hence it is called 

 American allspice. Calycdnthece agrees with Rosaccce in the 

 carpels or akenia being inserted in the inner sides of the calyx 

 as in Rbsa^ and with Granatece in the opposite leaves, and in 

 the convolute cotyledons of the embryo ; in this last respect it green beneath. T} • H. 



Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1726. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



559. hort. berol. t. 80.) 



l^viga'tus (Willd. enum. p 

 leaves oblong or ovate, gradually acuminated, rather wrinkled, 

 and rough to the touch on the upper surface, but glabrous and 



Native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and 



- - - 358. 



also agrees with Comhretacece. Calyc&nthece differs from Ro- Carolina, on the mountains. Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p 



sacece and Pomacece in the form of the embryo, and from Gra- 

 ndtece in the form and imbricate aestivation of the calyx. It 



Nutt. 



hot. 



gen 

 reg. 

 Branches 



amer. 1. p. 312. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 6. Lindl. 

 481. C. ferax, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 305. 



strictly erect. Flowers lurid purple, hardly sweet- 

 difFers from both tlie last-mentioned orders in the absence of scented? C. Pennsylvanicus, Lodd. cat. ex Lond. hort. brit. 

 petals, in the numerous lobes of the calyx, and in the anthers p. 214. 



bursting outwardly. Smooth American Allspice. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. S\u 



3 to 6 feet. 



Cult. These shrubs are well worth growing for the exquisite 

 scent of their blossoms, resembling that of ripe apples or 

 quinces ; they all grow best in peat borders, although they will 

 grow in any kind of soil, but not so freely as in peat. 

 are usually increased by layers, put down in the summer 



Synopsis of the genera. 



1 Calyca'nthus. Lobes of calyx disposed in many series, 

 lanceolate, coriaceous, coloured. Stamens deciduous, 12 outer 

 ones fertile, 



* 2 Chimona'nthus. Lobes of calyx oval, obtuse, outer ones 



form of bracteas. Stamens permanent, 5 outer ones fertile. 



They 



II. CHIMONA'NTHUS (from x^'l^"^^^ cheimon, winter, and 



">■! 



I. CALYCA'NTHUS (from tcaXv^^ calyx, a calyx; and avQog^ 

 anthos, a flower ; in reference to the calyx being coloured, and 

 appearing like a corolla). Lindl. bot. reg. no. 404. Nees. nov. 

 act. bonn. 11, p. 107. — Buttneria, Duham. arbr. 1. p. 114. but 

 not of Lin. — Beurreria, Ehret, pict. t. 13. — Basteria, Adans. 

 fam. 2. p. 294. — Pompadoura, Buchoz. — Calycanthus species, 

 Lin. Lam. Willd. 



Lix. svsT. Icosandriay Polygynta. Lobes of calyx disposed 

 in many series (f. 88. a. d.\ imbricate, lanceolate, all somewhat 

 coriaceous and coloured. Stamens unequal, deciduous, 12 outer 

 ones fertile. Akenia numerous (f. S5. 6.). — Shrubs, natives of 

 North America, with brachiate branches ; and terminal and 

 axillary flowers, rising after leaves, of a lurid purple colour ; 

 they are sweet-scented as well as the bark and leaves. 



1 C. FLOKiDus (Lin. spec. 718.) leaves ovate, downy beneath 

 as well as the branchlets. Tj , H. Native of Carolina, on tlie 

 shady banks of rivulets. Curt. bot. mag. t. 503. Duham. arb. 



avQoQ, anthos, a flower; in reference to the time of flowering, 

 which is from December to February). Lindl. bot. reg. no. 

 404. and 451. D. C. nrnd. S. n. 2. — Merkia 



D. C. prod. 3. p. 2. 

 act. bonn. 11. p. 107. — Calycanthus species of Lin. ^ . 



Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Polygynia. Lobes of calyx imbri- 

 cate, oval, obtuse ; outer ones in the form of bracteas ; inner ones 

 larger and appearing like a corolla. Stamens nearly equal, per- 

 manent, the 5 outer ones fertile, connate at the base, at matu- 

 rity.— Shrubs, with the flowers rising before the leaves, m tne 

 axils of the leaves of the preceding year. Flowers very sweet- 



■ Bark and leaves with- 



scented, yellowish, but purplish inside. 



out scent. 



Japan. 



(Lindl 



Calycanthus praeVox, Lin. spec. 718 

 ed^ 1. vol. 2. p. 220. t. 10. Curt. bot. mag. t. 466. 

 t. 445. f. 2. 



Tj . H. Native of 



Ait. hort. kew. 



Lam. ill» 



Me 



Var. /3, gramlifldra (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 451.) flowers larger^aim 



more spreading. Perhaps a proper species, for the fruit o ^• 



a..«vx^ .^ctiixvo ^L ii*wt,^Lo. ^K^xv. ^ww. ...«g^. w ^v.^. --. «.^. fragrans is lageniform, thicker above the base, and tapering ^^ 



1. t. 45. Lam. ill. t. 445. f. 1. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 4. C. the apex into a long neck, but in the present plant, according 

 sterilis, Walt. car. 151. Mill. fig. t. GO. Branches spreading. the figure, the fruit is oblong and tapering to ^^^^,^^^f\,^ 

 Wood and roots smelling strong of camphor. Flowers usually ~ ' - - ... ^ ..«., ^ 



sterile, with a sweet apple scent. Fruit turbinate. 



Var. a, oblongus ; leaves oblong. Ait. hort. kew. ed, 2. vol. 

 3. p. 282. 



Frag 

 Cult. 



Winter 



nower. ri. i^ec. xcu. ii^/w. - , 



The delightful fragrance of the blossoms, "^^J^^V^^^ 

 fragrans and its varieties desirable objects in all coliec 



