RHIZOPHORE^. r. Olisbea. II, Riiizophora. 



673 



number of the petals. Anthers erect, ovate, inserted by the 

 base. Ovarium 2-celled, when young containing many pendu- 

 lous ovula. Style 1, bifid at the apex. Fruit indehiscent, I- 

 seeded, crowned by the calyx. Seed small. Embryo inverted, 

 germinating in the seed, with the radicle gradually' lengthening 

 out until it fixes itself in the mud. — Glabrous shrubs, growing in 

 great abundance on the shores of the sea and rivers withhi the 



roots, from the flowing and ebbing of the tide. The bark of 

 Rhtzophora^ which is very astringent, is used in India for dyein<^ 

 black- 



Synopsis of the genera. 

 § 1. A genus having its calyx in the form of a calyptra. 



1 Oli'sbea. Calyx undivided before the expansion of the tr°F'^Mhro^ying out numerous roots from every branch. Leaves 



flower, but afterwards separating transversely, in one piece. 

 Petals 5. Stamens 10. 



§ 2. Rhizophorece verce. Tube of calyx adhering to the 

 ovarium (f. 92. a.). 



2 Rhizo'phora. Limb of calyx 4-13-lobed. Petals equal 

 in number to the lobes of the calyx. Stamens double the num- 

 ber of the petals. 



3 Cara'llia. Limb of calyx 6-7-lobed (f. 92. e.). Petals 

 6-7 (f. 92. c). Stamens twice the number of the petals (f. 92. d.). 



§ 3. A genus with the calyx free from the ovarium. 



opposite, coriaceous, quite entire. Peduncles axillary. 



■ 



* Flowers 4'petalled. Mangles, Plum. gen. 1. 15. 



1 R. Ma'ngle (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse ; 

 peduncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; fruit subulately 

 clavate. T2 . S. Native of Louisiana, Mexico, West Indies, 

 Guiana, Brazil, and west coast of Africa, on the slipres of the 

 and rivers. Jacq, amer. p. 141. t. 89. ed. pict. t. 132. 

 car. 2. t. 6S. — Plench. icon, t, 359. Flowers octan- 

 drous, pale yellow. P. Browne says the fruit germinates within 

 the cup, and grows from the top downwards until it acquires a 

 due degree of weight and perfection ; then it falls oflT, and im the 

 root is always, the thickest, and hangs lowest, it drops in that 

 direction, and is thus received in its natural position in the mud 

 below, the leaves are immediately unfolded, and in a few minutes 



sea 

 Catesb. 



4 Cassipou'rea. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals 3, a perfect plant is seen, sometimes of 2 or 3 feet long, which soon 

 fnnged. Stamens 20-40. 



§ I. An intermediate genus between the orders Memecylece 

 ^m Rliizophdrece, having a calyptriform calyx. 



L OLI'SBEA (from o\ia0og, olisbos, penis coriaceous ; in re- 

 ference to the consistence of the anthers). D. C. prod. 3. p. 31. 



■Lin. syst. Decdndria^ Monogynta. Calyx closed, ovate, 

 acute, undivided before the expansion of the flower, but after- 

 wards bursting transversely, and falling off in one piece. Petals 

 ^•Stamens 10; anthers rather incurved, opening by a longi- 

 tudinal chink. Style filiform. Fruit and seeds unknow^n. — Shrub 

 quite glabrous. Leaves oval, opposite, entire, acuminated, opaque, 

 coriaceous, furnished with a longitudinal nerve, but without any 

 'ateral veins. Stipulas supra-axillary, connate at the base, and 



begins to shoot its roots and pusli its growili like the parent 

 plant. The lower branches frequently become the supporters of 

 some species of oysters, which has given rise to the fabulous 

 account of this shell-fish on trees as a fruit. The bark is most 

 excellent for tanning leather. The decoction of it is a tnost 

 powerful astringent. The wood is tough and durable. 



Mangle or Common Mangrove. Clt. 1820. Tr. 12 to 15 ft, 



2 R. candela'ria (D. C. prod. 3. p. 32.) leaves oval, acute; 



peduncles 1-3-flowered, very short and thickish ; fruit subulately 



clavate. h . S. Native of Malabar and the Moluccas, on the 



T?.S. 



shores of the sea and rivers. 



Pee-kandel, Rheed. mal. 6, t. 



sheathing. 



Peduncles axillary, opposite, 1-flowered, articulated 

 |n the middle. This is a very doubtful but very singular genus, 

 ^^ the stipulas and habit being that of Rhizbphora^ the form of 

 the anthers that of Mouriria, and the calyx that of Calyptrdn- 

 '*w or Conostegia, but from all very different. 



1 0. RHizopoR^FoLiA (D. C. L c). Ij . S. Native of the 

 "est Indies, particularly in St. Vincent, where it is probably 

 culUvated only in the botanic garden. 



^hizophora-leaved Olisbea. Tree. 



^^It. See Cardllia for culture and propagation, p. 674. 



i 



> ■ 



3 2. Rhizophbrece verce. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovary. 



34. Mangium candalarium, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 71. and t. 72. 

 The flowers are at first white, but at length changing to reddish, 

 according to Rheede. Stamens 9-12, Perhaps this S2>ecies is 

 not different from R. Mangle. 



Chandelier or Malabar Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 



3 R. racemosa (Meyer, prim, esseq. 185.) leaves obovate- 

 oblong or obovate ; racemes axillary, dichotomously panicled. 

 Tj . S. Native on the shores of Guiana, near the Essequibo. 

 Petals copper-coloured, pilose. 



Racemose- flowered Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 



4i R. mucrona'ta (Lam. diet. 6. p. 1G9. ill. t, 396. f.2.) leaves 



dichotomous. 



oval, abruptly acuminated ; racemes nodding, 

 T2 .8. Native of the Mauritius. Petals oblong, obtuse? 

 mens 8. Ovary 4-sided, ex Poir. 



MucronafeAeaved Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 



Sta- 



* * Flowers of 5 petals. Kandelia (from Tsjcrou-Candel, 



II PHT'7rfc^TiTTr\Ti A /c ^ 7- i. „j ^ ^/./.^^^ the Malabar name of R. Candel), 



t' "^-^^ PHORA (pt^ay rhiztty a root, and ^opto, phoreo^ ^ 



^ oear; the species of this genus throw out roots from the - -r. ^ / - _ /t-. n^, \ 



ranches in great abundance, which lengtTien out until they fix 



tnemselves in the mud, and consequently one tree may, by these 



■"Pports, spread over a large space, as every branch is supported 



*>y itsown roots). Lin. gen. no. 592. Gsartn. fruct. 1, p. 212. 



• '*5. D. C. prod, 3, p. 31.— Rhizophora and Bruguiera, Lam. 



^'^t. et ill. t. 396. and 397. 



.l,IV/A^O , |^v,«v.w^.x.^ ^ „.-.v-, .....^,. ,.,.,g^. .-,«-. ...^ 



T2 . S. Native of Malabar, in muddy places on the 



Mono 



— > uuiiciiiig lu me ovarium; luiiu wilh -r-xw, v.^*v..^ ^...w«., 



P^ntianent lobes. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the 

 ^^yx, oblong, furnished with 2 awns at the apex, convolute, 

 ^a when young clasping the stamens, of which two are situated 

 ^ ^he front of each petal, the stamens are therefore double the 



VOL. 11. 



5 R. Ca'ndel (Lin. spec, 634.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, 

 on short petioles ; peduncles twice bifid, much longer than the 



petioles. 



sea-shore. Tsjerou-Candel, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 35. Flowers 

 whitish. Sepals spreading, somewhat reflexed. Stameps 10- 

 15, exserted. Fruit cylindrical, long, acute, 

 Candel Mangrove. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 



6 R. Timorie'nsis (D. C. prod. 3, p. 32.) leaves oval, obtuse, 

 on long petioles; peduncles length of petioles, bearing 10-15 



flowers in a head. ^ . S. 



inches long. Petioles 0-12 lines long. Flowers crowded. Lobes 



of calyx 5, oblong, stiff. Petals 5, biaristate at the apex, when 

 young convolute and clasping 2 stamens each. 

 4 R 



Native of Timor. Leaves 2 to 24 



